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Mads Bergendorff
UIC Environmental Advisor
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths
• Rail today is 3-10 times more
energy efficient than road transport
• Electric train operation is already 100%
compatible with Renewable Energy
sources e.g. hydro power
• Further improvement potential 20-50%
due to optimising of load and traffic
management
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004
UNFCCC
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (1)
• Rail today is the most energy
efficient long-haul freight
transport
• Rail freight is strong in North
America, Russia, India, China,
and Australia
• Rail freight is weak in Latin
America, Europe and Africa
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004
UNFCCC
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (2)
Australian Example: CO2 Emission
reductions in the railways
• Through a voluntary CO2 reduction
program, Queensland Rail (QR) reduced its
baseline scenario with 486,000 tons of CO2
equivalents from 1998/99 to 2002/3 while
increasing its production.
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004
UNFCCC
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (3)
Rail Freight Performance (North America)
1,600
450
1,400
400
350
1,200
300
1,000
250
800
200
600
150
Rail Freight Performance (North America)
400
450
100
200
400
50
0
350
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
300
250
2000
2001
Revenue tonnes
miles (billions)
200
150
Revenue tonnes
miles per gallon of
fuel consumed
Northern American rail freight
in the lead
• In the US and Canada more
than 40% of freight tonnage is
rail-based
Revenue tonnes
miles (billions)
• Since
1980, the rail freight
operators
increased production
Revenue tonnes
miles per gallon of
fuel consumed
with
62% and at the same time
increased energy efficiency with
71%!
• Rail fuel savings equals to
375,000 households' petrol use
for their car.
100
50
0
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004
UNFCCC
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (4)
• Rail today is the most energy
efficient form of passenger transport
- but depending on use cases
• Passenger Rail is strong in Europe,
Japan, Russia, India, and China.
• Passenger rail is weak in North and
South America, Africa and Australia
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004
UNFCCC
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (5)
Example: German Railways
(DB AG) initiated the project
Change in long-distance traffic [kWh/km]
“Energie Sparen”
2002
2003
• saved 10% energy from 2002 to
2003 by educating drivers to
- 10%
drive more energy efficient
• Savings 8 M€ per year!
• DB AG reduced specific CO2
01
07
10
12 01
07
10
emissions 25% between 1990 to
2003 as part of an agreement
with the German government due
to the Kyoto commitment.
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004
UNFCCC
Costs of climate
change from transport
is only one part of the
mobility equation:
• Accidents
• Local air pollution
• Noise
• Urban effects
• Nature and landscape
www.uic.asso.fr/html/environnement/
click on “External Effects of Transport”
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004
UNFCCC
Average external costs: Passenger (EU15 year 2000)
€ per 1000 pkm
80
76.0
70
60
52.5
50
37.7
40
30
22.9
20
10
0
Car
©INFRAS
Accidents
Air Pollution
Up- and Downstream Processes
Climate change low scenario
Bus
Rail
Aviation
Noise
Nature & Landscape
Urban Effects
Climate change (difference low/ high scenario)
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004
UNFCCC
Average external costs: Freight (EU15 year 2000)
€ per 1000 tkm
300
271.3
250
200
150
100
87.8
50
17.9
22.5
0
Road Freight
©INFRAS
Accident s
Air Pollut ion
Up- and Downst ream Processes
Climat e change low scenario
Rail
Aviation
Waterborne
Noise
Nat ure & Landscape
Urban Effect s
Climat e change (difference low/ high scenario)
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004
UNFCCC
Conclusions
• Sustainable transport systems are needed in order to curb
the GHG Emissions and achieve the Kyoto Protocol
• Modal shift towards railways and public transport would
benefit society and environment serving the developing
countries’ need for economic growth
• A level playing field reflecting true costs of transport for all
modes
• Need for substantiate new rail infrastructure investments
within the next 10-20 years starting now!
• True integration of planning, trade, transport and environment
policies
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004
UNFCCC