Download File - Mrs. Anderson`s Science

17.1
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
The human body is complex.
You can think of the body as having five levels of
organization: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and
the whole organism itself. The different systems of the
human body work together to maintain homeostasis.
1
5
Cells
(cardiac
muscle
cells)
VOCABULARY
tissue
organ
organ system
homeostasis
Organism
(human)
2
3
Tissue (cardiac muscle)
Organ (heart)
SIMULATION
Explore the different
systems in the human
body.
4
Organ system
(circulatory
system)
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
17.1
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
The human body is complex.
VOCABULARY
tissue
homeostasis
A condition needed for health and functioning
in which an organism or cell maintains a
relatively stable internal environment.
organ
organ system
homeostasis
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
17.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
The skeletal system provides support and
protection.
Bones are living tissue.
• The skeleton is the body's
framework and has two main
divisions, the axial skeleton and
the appendicular skeleton.
• Bones come together at joints.
Angular Movement (elbow)
VOCABULARY
skeletal system
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular
skeleton
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
17.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
The skeletal system provides support and
protection.
VOCABULARY
skeletal system
skeletal system
The framework of bones that supports the
body, protects internal organs, and anchors all
the body’s movement.
Anatomy of a joint
Types of joints
Examples
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular
skeleton
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
17.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
The skeletal system provides support and
protection.
VOCABULARY
skeletal system
compact bone
The tough, hard outer layer of a bone.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular
skeleton
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
17.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
The skeletal system provides support and
protection.
VOCABULARY
skeletal system
spongy bone
Strong, lightweight tissue inside a bone.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular
skeleton
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
17.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
The skeletal system provides support and
protection.
VOCABULARY
skeletal system
axial skeleton
The central part of the skeleton, which includes
the cranium, the spinal column, and the ribs.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular
skeleton
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
17.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
The skeletal system provides support and
protection.
VOCABULARY
skeletal system
appendicular skeleton
The bones of the skeleton that function to
allow movement, such as arm and leg bones.
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular
skeleton
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
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The skull and crossbones flying from a pirate ship have long
been a symbol of death. Therefore, you might think that bones
are dead structures made of rocklike material. This isn't true.
The bones in your body are very much alive!
Bones are living structures with 5 functions:
protect internal organs
support the body
make blood cells
store minerals
provide for muscle attachment
A point where two or more bones connect is called a joint.
There are two different types of joints in the body:
Movable joints (like ball-and-socket, hinge, gliding and pivot
joints)
Immovable joints (like the bones of the skull and pelvis)
which allow little or no movement
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
•
•
•
•
•
Skeletal system game
Locate the bones
Whack a bone
Virtual knee surgery
Another bone game
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
Muscular System
Major Muscles
Because there are so many skeletal muscles in
your body, we can't list them all here. But here
are a few of the major ones:
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
In each of your shoulders is a deltoid (say: del-toyd)
muscle. Your deltoid muscles help you move your
shoulders every which way — from swinging a softball
bat to shrugging your shoulders when you're not sure
of an answer.
The pectoralis (say: pek-tuh-rah-lus) muscles are
found on each side of your upper chest. These are
usually called pectorals (say: pek-tuh-rulz), or pecs,
for short. When many boys hit puberty, their pectoral
muscles become larger. Many athletes and
bodybuilders have large pecs, too.
Below these pectorals, down under your rib cage, are your rectus
abdominus (say: rek-tus ab-dahm-uh-nus) muscles, or abdominals (say:
ab-dahm-uh-nulz). They are also sometimes called abs for short.
When you make a muscle in your arm, you tense your biceps (say: byeseps) muscle. When you contract your biceps muscle, you can actually see it
push up under your skin.
Your quadriceps (say: kwad-ruh-seps), or quads, are the muscles on the
front of your thighs. Many people who run, bike, or play sports develop large,
strong quads.
And when it's time for you to take a seat? You'll be sitting on your gluteus
maximus (say: gloot-ee-us mak-suh-mus), the muscle that's under the skin
and fat in your behind!
17.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
The muscular system makes movement possible.
VOCABULARY
Types of muscle
Function
muscular system
skeletal muscle,
voluntary
moves bones,
maintains posture,
maintains body
temperature
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle,
involuntary
cardiac muscle,
involuntary
moves internal
organs, such as
the intestines
pumps blood
throughout
the body
voluntary muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
17.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
The skeletal system provides support and
protection.
II. The skeletal system provides support and protection.
A. Bones are living tissue.
1. Two Types of Bone Tissue
2. Marrow and Blood Cells
B. The skeleton is the body’s framework.
1. The Axial Skeleton
VOCABULARY
skeletal system
compact bone
spongy bone
axial skeleton
appendicular
skeleton
2. The Appendicular Skeleton
C. The skeleton changes as the body develops
and ages.
D. Joints connect parts of the skeletal system.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
17.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
The muscular system makes movement possible.
III. The muscular system makes movement possible.
A. Muscles perform important functions.
VOCABULARY
muscular system
1. Movement
skeletal muscle
2. Maintaining Body Temperature
voluntary muscle
3. Maintaining Posture
smooth muscle
B. Your body has different types of muscle.
1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Smooth Muscle
involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
3. Cardiac Muscle
C. Skeletal muscles and tendons allow bones to
move.
D. Muscles grow and heal.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
CHAPTER HOME
Image Gallery
Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation.
SIMULATION
Explore the different
systems in the human
body.
SIMULATION
Assemble a skeleton.
CHAPTER HOME
Image Gallery
1
5
Cells
(cardiac
muscle
cells)
Organism
(human)
2
Tissue (cardiac muscle)
3
Organ (heart)
4
Organ system
(circulatory system)
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