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Organization of Muscle
• Parallel Muscles- fascicles are parallel to the
long axis of the muscle
• Convergent Muscles- fibers are spread over a
broad area, but all the fibers converge at a
common site, looks like a fan or a triangle
• Pennate Muscles- form and angle to the
tendon, looks like a feather
• Circular Muscles- arrange in a circle around
an opening
Origins and Insertions
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Origin- site where muscle begins
Insertion- site where muscle ends
Action- movement produced
The origin is usually stationary and
the insertion moves
Actions
• Described using the motion created and the
joint or bone involved in the motion
– Biceps brachii performs flexion of the forearm
or flexion at the elbow
• Agonist or prime mover- when a muscle if
primarily responsible for the movement
• Antagonist- muscles that oppose the agonist
• Synergist- helps a agonist be more efficient
Naming of skeletal muscles
• Fascicle organization- named for orientation
of muscle fibers, rectus=straight, oblique=
angled, transversus= run across the body
• Location- based on region of the body,
ex.brachium, abdominis, etc.
• Structure, size, and shape- ex. Biceps=2
origins
• Origin and Insertion and Action
Muscles of the Head and Neck
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Facial Expression
Buccinator
Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus major
and minor
• Oribicularis oculi
• Frontalis
• Occipitalis
• Platysma
• Mastication
– Masseter
– Temporalis
• Neck
– Sternocleidomastoid
Muscles of vertebral column and
abdomen and thoracic cavity
• Vertebral column
– Erector Spinae
• Abdomen
– External abdominal
oblique
– Internal abdominal
oblique
– Transversus
abdominus
– Rectus abdominis
• Thoracic Region
– Diaphragm
– External intercostals
– Internal intercostals
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Muscles of arm
• Move arm
– Deltoid
– Latissumus Dorsi
– Trapezius
– Pectoralis major
• Forearm and hand
– Biceps brachii
– Brachialis
– Brachioradialis
– Triceps brachii
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Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Extensor carpi radialis
longus
– Extensor carpi ulnaris
• Fingers- Flexor
digitorum superficialis
• Extensor Digitorum
Muscles that move thigh and leg
• Thigh
• Leg
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Gluteus maximus
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fasciae latae
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Illiopsoas
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Muscle that move the foot and
toes
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Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Peroneus longus
Soleus
Flexor digitorum longus
Extensor digitorum longus