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Physical Activity and Fitness Mr. Slavinsky Walter Reed Middle School 7th Grade Health Section 1: Building Health Skills Read Pages 54-58 Students will learn about: Why health skills are important Skills to improve your health knowledge and behavior Skills to maintain your personal health and safety. Skills that help you interact with others. Warm-Up Answer in complete sentences with use of academic vocabulary What activities do you think you will enjoy throughout your life? Physical Activity and You Physical activity is any kind of movement that causes your body to use energy. Participating in physical activity: Helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints. Helps control weight and reduce fat. Helps keep blood pressure within a healthy range. 120/80 mmHg Physical Activity and You Fitness : the ability to handle physical work and play of everyday life without becoming tired. Exercise : a physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive that improves or maintains personal fitness. Benefits of Physical Activity Healthy weight. Improved strength and flexibility. Better performance of heart and lungs. Higher energy level. Decreased risk of some diseases. Stronger bones. Freedom of movement. Coordination. Better Sleep. Benefits of Social Health Extra chance to meet new people. Share common goals with others. Ability to interact and cooperate with others. Opportunities to use talents to help others. Benefits of Mental/Emotional Health Enhanced self confidence. Mental alertness. Reduced stress. Relaxed attitude. More enjoyment of free time. Homework Answer in complete sentences with use of academic vocabulary How do you think participating in competitive sports can affect a teen’s social and emotional health? DUE TOMORROW ON SEPARATE PAPER Strength First element of fitness is strength. The ability of your muscles to exert a force. Push-ups. Curl-ups or crunches. Step-ups. Endurance The second element of fitness is endurance. The ability to perform vigorous physical activity without getting too tired. Heart and Lung Endurance How effectively your heart and lungs work during moderate to heavy physical activity or exercise Muscle Endurance The ability of a muscle to repeatedly exert a force over a long period of time Discussion Questions: How can you tell when you are overly tired? How hard do you think you should push yourself in continuing a tiring activity? Why? Against what standard do you think you should judge your own endurance? Why? Exercise Two types of exercise: Aerobic: Rhythmic, non stop activity that requires large amounts of OXYGEN. Walking Jogging Swimming Skiing Anaerobic Intense physical activity that requires little amounts of OXYGEN. Weight lifting Sprinting Flexibility The third element of fitness is flexibility. The ability to move joints fully and easily. Increasing flexibility reduces risk of injury. Stretching exercises Figure 3.3 on page 57 Homework Page 58 #’s 1-6 Answer in complete sentences with academic vocabulary. On separate paper. Due Tomorrow Section 2: Skeletal and Muscular Systems Read Pages 59-63 Students will learn about: Functions of skeletal and muscular system. How bones and muscles work together to allow movement. How to keep your bones and muscles healthy. Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement The skeletal system is the framework of bones and other tissues that support your body. Gives your body structure and protects organs. 206 bones Many joints and connective tissues. Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement Your muscles supply the power to move your body. Muscular system made of tissues that move parts of the body and operate internal organs. More than 600 muscles in human body. Skeletal System Bones do many things: Support your body. Protect your body. Store calcium and other minerals Make blood cells. Bones Cranium - Skull Mandible - Jaw Clavicle – Collar bone Scapula – Shoulder blade Sternum – Breast bone Humerus – Upper arm Radius – Forearm (thumb side) Ulna – Forearm (pinky side) Carpals – Wrist bones Metacarpal – Hand bones Phalanges – Fingers Femur – Thigh bone Tibia – Shin bone Patella – Knee cap Vertebrae's – Cervical (neck), Thoracic (upper back), Lumbar (lower back), Joints The place where 2 or more bones meet are called joints. Pivot Joint – End of one bone rotates inside a ring formed by another. (Neck) Gliding Joint – One part of a bone glides over another bone. (Vertebrae) Allows sideways movement. Ball and Socket Joint – Ball shaped head of one bone moves inside cup shaped socket of another. (Hip and Shoulder)) Can move up and down and from side to side. Can move in all directions. Hinge Joint – Joint moves in one direction only. (Knee and Elbow) Connective Tissue Connective tissue link bones to muscles to that they can work together. Cartilage Allows joints to move easily Cushions bones, supports soft tissues (nose and ear) Ligaments Hold bones in place at the joints. Knee and Ankle Tendons Join muscle to muscle. Join muscle to bone. Homework On Separate Paper. Research Arthritis What happens when a person has arthritis? Possible Treatments ½ Page Muscular System Muscle tissue responds to messages from the brain. Muscles contract or shorten to cause movement. 3 Kinds of Muscles: Smooth – muscles of internal organs and blood vessels. Cardiac – muscles found in the heart Involuntary Involuntary Skeletal – muscles that control your movement Voluntary Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle The Muscular System Facial Muscles – open and close eyes, mouth, aid in chewing, and make facial expressions. Trapezius – Raises Head Sternomastoid – Turns head Deltoid – Raises arm Pectoralis Major – Moves arm Biceps Brachii – Bends elbow External Oblique – Aids breathing Satorius – Flexes knee and hip The Muscular System Quadriceps femoris – Straightens leg Extensor digitorum longus – Extends toes Tibialis anterior – Flexes foot Biceps femoris – Rotates knee and extends thigh. Hamstring muscles – bend leg at knee. Gluteus maximus – extends thigh Latissimus dorsi – lowers arm Triceps brachii – straightens arm Muscular Dystrophy Research “Muscular Dystrophy,” Create poster talking about Tests/Diagnosis Treatment Symptoms Causes/Risk Factors Different diseases Due April 1, 2009 Skeletal Muscles Skeletal muscles work in pairs. One muscles contracts The other muscle extends. Biceps brachii Triceps brachii To bend arm, the biceps brachii contract and triceps brachii extend. To straighten arm, the biceps brachii extend, and triceps brachii contract. Caring for your Muscles Regular Physical Activity Nutritious Eating Plan Good Posture Lift Objects Carefully Treat injuries quickly Homework Lesson 2 Review Page 63 #1-5 Do not copy questions On Separate Paper Tech Academy: Do # 6 as well. Section 3: The Circulatory System Read Pages 64-68 Students will learn about: Functions of the circulatory system. How blood circulates through the body. How to keep your circulatory system healthy. Your Heart and Blood Vessels Circulatory System is the group of organs and tissues that moves essential materials to body cells and remove waste products. Also known as CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Cardio – heart Vascular – having to do with vessels Heart Organ made out of cardiac muscle. Pumps blood throughout the network of blood vessels. 3 Types of Vessels: Arteries – vessel that carries blood with Oxygen, from the heart. Veins – vessel that carries blood without Oxygen, back to heart. Capillaries – provide body cells with blood and connect arteries with veins. How Circulation Works Two Types of Circulation: Pulmonary Circulation: Carries blood from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart. Blood becomes enriched with Oxygen. Systemic Circulation: Sends oxygen rich blood to all the body tissues except the lungs Pulmonary and Systemic I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. The left atrium receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and sends it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood to the aorta, the body’s largest artery. Aorta carries blood to branching arteries that take it to capillaries and to cells. The cells send back wastes such as Carbon Dioxide. The capillaries deliver this low oxygen blood to veins. The veins carry the blood to the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium sends blood to the right ventricle. This part of the heart sends the low oxygen, high Carbon Dioxide blood to the lungs. In the lungs, Carbon Dioxide is removed, and is exhaled. Oxygen is inhaled and added to the body. Blood is sent to the heart through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium. Circulation Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium Left Ventricle Aorta Arteries Capillaries (gas exchange) Capillaries Veins Right Atrium Right Ventricle Pulmonary Artery Lungs Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium Cool Links http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/ani m_heart.html http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/animate/ heart_bloodflow.swf http://www.ahealthyme.com/Imagebank/he art.swf http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/bodybloo d.htm Ups and Downs Stretch one arm high above your head. Let the other arm hang down by your side. Hold position for a minute. Record your observations. What’s In Your Blood There are different parts of blood. Plasma – yellowish fluid, the watery portion of blood. 50% of blood volume. Red blood cells – Carry oxygen from the lungs to all body parts. White blood cells – Fight infection. Platelets – Help blood clot. Coagulation. Red Blood Cells Average Life Cycle : 120 Days Bones produce New Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Destroy foreign cells Fight infection Platelets Help blood clot Why do older people take baby aspirin, which is a blood thinner? 15 Facts Blood Type: Type A Type B Type AB Universal Recipient Type O Universal Donor Blood Types Type Can Receive Can Donate To A A, O A, AB B B, O B, AB AB A, B, AB, O AB O O A, B, AB, O Type O Type A Type B Type AB Rh Factor You can either be Rh positive or Rh Negative. Rh Positive Can receive blood from both Rh Positive and Rh Negative individuals. Rh Negative Can receive blood from only Rh Negative individuals Caring for Circulatory System Don’t Do Drugs Don’t Drink Alcohol Don’t use Tobacco EXERCISE!!! Homework Lesson 3 Review Page 68 #1-6 Do Not Copy Questions On Separate Paper Due Tomorrow Chapter Test Friday What to Know For Test Bones (16) Types of Connective Tissue and Function (3) Types of Muscles (3) Types of Joints and Location (4) Path of Blood Components of Blood Blood Types Types of Circulation (2) Types of Vessels