Download Chapt12 Lecture 13ed Pt 1

Human Biology
Sylvia S. Mader
Michael Windelspecht
Chapter 12
Muscular
System
Lecture Outline
Part 1
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Muscular System
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Points to ponder
• What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
• What are the functions of the muscular system?
• How are muscles named and what are the muscles of
the human body?
• How are skeletal muscles and muscle fibers structured?
• How do skeletal muscles contract?
• How do skeletal muscle cells acquire ATP for
contraction?
• What is rigor mortis?
• What are some common muscular disorders?
• What are some serious muscle diseases?
• How do the skeletal and muscular system help maintain
homeostasis?
• How are these 2 systems related to other systems in
maintaining homeostasis?
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12.1 Overview of the Muscular System
Review: Types of muscle tissue
1. _________ – involuntary muscle found in
hollow organs and vessels
2. _________ – involuntary muscle found in the
heart
3. __________ – voluntary muscle that is
attached to the skeleton
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12.1 Overview of the Muscular System
Review: Types of muscle tissue
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Skeletal muscle
• has striated cells
with multiple nuclei.
• occurs in muscles
attached to skeleton.
• functions in voluntary
movement of body.
Smooth muscle
• has spindle-shaped
cells, each with a
single nucleus.
• cells have no striations.
• functions In movement of
substances in lumens of body.
• is involuntary.
• is found in blood vessel walls and walls
of the digestive tract.
Cardiac muscle
• has branching,
striated cells, each
with a single nucleus.
• occurs in the wall of
the heart.
• functions in the pumping
of blood.
• is involuntary.
250X
striation
400X
nucleus
250X
Intercalated disk nucleus
Smooth muscle cell nucleus
a.
b.
c.
(smooth): © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dennis Strete, photographer; (cardiac, skeletal): © Ed Reschke;
Figure 12.1 The three classes of muscles in humans.
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12.1 Overview of the Muscular System
What are the functions of
skeletal muscles?
1. _______ the body by allowing us to stay
upright
2. Allow for ___________ by attaching to the
skeleton
3. Help maintain a constant body ___________
4. Assist in movement in the ____________ and
__________ vessels
5. ________ internal organs and ________ joints
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12.1 Overview of the Muscular System
How are skeletal muscles attached?
• ________ – connective
tissue that connects
muscle to bone
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
muscle fiber
• _______ – attachment
of a muscle on a
stationary bone
• _______ – attachment
of a muscle on a bone
that moves
fascicle
dense
connective
tissue
tendon
radius
Figure 12.2 Connecting muscle to bone.
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12.1 Overview of the Muscular System
How do skeletal muscles work?
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
• Antagonistic –
muscles that work in
_________ pairs
tendon
origin
biceps brachii
(contracted)
triceps brachii
(relaxed)
radius
humerus
ulna
insertion
• Synergistic –
muscles working in
groups for a
___________ action
Figure 12.3 Skeletal muscles often work in pairs.
a.
biceps brachii
(relaxed)
triceps brachii
(contracted)
b.
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12.1 Overview of the Muscular System
Examples of how skeletal muscles
are named
• _____ – the gluteus maximus is the largest
buttock muscle
• _______ – the deltoid is triangular (Greek letter
delta is Δ)
• ___________ – the frontalis overlies the frontal
bone
• ________ of muscle fiber – the rectus abdominis
is longitudinal (rectus means straight)
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12.1 Overview of the Muscular System
Examples of how skeletal muscles
are named
• ____________ – the brachioradialis is attached
to the brachium and radius
• __________________ – the biceps brachii has 2
attachments
• ________ – the extensor digitorum extends the
digits
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