Download Bone function and markings

Bones and Skeletal Tissues
Cartilage in
external ear
Cartilage in
Intervertebral
disc
Cartilages in
nose
Articular
Cartilage
of a joint
Epiglottis
Thyroid
cartilage
Cricoid
cartilage
Larynx
Trachea
Lung
Costal
cartilage
Respiratory tube cartilages
in neck and thorax
Pubic
symphysis
Meniscus
(padlike
cartilage in
knee
joint)
Articular
cartilage
of a joint
Bones of skeleton
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Cartilages
Hyaline cartilages
Elastic cartilages
Fibrocartilages
Figure 6.1
Bones of the Skeleton

Two main groups, by location
 Axial skeleton (brown)
 Appendicular skeleton (yellow)
Cartilage in
external ear
Cartilage in
Intervertebral
disc
Cartilages in
nose
Articular
Cartilage
of a joint
Costal
cartilage
Pubic
symphysis
Meniscus
(padlike
cartilage in
knee
joint)
Articular
cartilage
of a joint
Figure 6.1
Classification of Bones by Shape
Long bones- longer than they are wide
 Short bones- cube-shaped bones (in wrist
and ankle)
 Sesamoid bones (within tendons, e.g.,
patella)
 Flat bones- thin, flat, slightly curved
 Irregular bones- complicated shapes

Figure 6.2
Functions of Bones
1. Support- for the body and soft organs
2. Protection- for brain, spinal cord, and vital
organs
3. Movement- levers for muscle action
4. Storage- minerals (calcium and phosphorus)
and growth factors
5. Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) in
marrow cavities
6. Triglyceride (energy) storage in bone cavities
Bone Markings

Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as
 Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments,
and tendons
 Joint surfaces
 Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
Bone Markings: Projections

Sites of muscle and ligament attachment








Tuberosity—rounded projection
Crest—narrow, prominent ridge
Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface
Line—narrow ridge of bone
Tubercle—small rounded projection
Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle
Spine—sharp, slender projection
Process—any bony prominence