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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Florida Benchmarks
• SC.6.N.1.1 Define a problem from the sixth grade
curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to
support scientific understanding, plan and carry
out scientific investigation of various types, such
as systematic observations or experiments,
identify variables, collect and organize data,
interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics,
analyze information, make predictions, and define
conclusions.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Florida Benchmarks
• SC.6.L.14.5 Identify and investigate the general
functions of the major systems of the human body
(digestive, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive,
excretory, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal)
and describe ways these systems interact with
each other to maintain homeostasis.
• HE.6.C.1.4 Recognize how heredity can affect
personal health.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Florida Benchmarks
• HE.6.C.1.8 Explain how body systems are
impacted by hereditary factors and infectious
agents.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What’s Inside?
What are the main functions of the
skeletal system?
• The skeletal system is the organ system that
supports and protects the body and allows it to
move.
• The skeletal system also stores minerals and
produces red blood cells.
• An endoskeleton is a skeleton inside the body.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are the main functions of the
skeletal system?
• The hard outer layer of bone, called compact
bone, stores minerals such as calcium.
• Marrow is a soft tissue at the center of bones. Red
marrow makes red and white blood cells.
• Bones provide a place for muscles to attach.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
No Bones About It!
What are the parts of the skeletal
system?
• The skeletal system is divided into two parts.
• The skull, vertebrae, and ribs make up the axial
skeleton, which supports and protects the internal
organs.
• The appendicular skeleton includes the arms, legs,
shoulders, and pelvis.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are the parts of the skeletal
system?
• Bones are alive. They have a blood supply and
nerves.
• A ligament is the tough, flexible strand of
connective tissue that holds bones together.
• Cartilage is a strong, flexible, and smooth
connective tissue found at the end of bones that
allows them to move smoothly.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are bones made of?
• Compact bone is dense and hard, with no visible
open spaces.
• Spongy bone provides most of the strength and
support for the bone. It has many open spaces.
• Calcium, the most plentiful mineral in bones, is
deposited by bone cells called osteoblasts.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are bones made of?
• Connective tissue is made mostly of a protein
called collagen, which allows bones to be a bit
flexible.
• Red marrow, at the center of flat bones, makes
red and white blood cells.
• Yellow marrow, at the center of long bones, stores
fat.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are bones made of?
• What are the functions of each of the parts of
bone?
v
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
How do bones grow?
• Babies have cartilage that is later replaced by
bone.
• Growth plates are locations where long bones
lengthen.
• Osteocytes are bone cells that move into cartilage
and harden it into bone.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Bone Connections
How are bones connected?
• A joint is the place where two or more bones
connect.
• Fixed joints are found in the skull and allow no
movement between bones.
• Movable joints allow movement of the bones.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
How are bones connected?
• Ball and socket joints allow one of the bones to
rotate in a large circle.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
How are bones connected?
• Gliding joints allow flexibility in the wrist and
ankles.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
How are bones connected?
• Hinge joints allow bones to move back and forth.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are some injuries and disorders
of the skeletal system?
• Fractures are bones that are broken.
• Sprains are injuries to a ligament caused by
stretching a joint too far.
• Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bone to
become thin and weak.
• Arthritis is a disease that causes joints to stiffen,
swell, and become painful.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Keep Moving!
What is the main function of the
muscular system?
• The muscular system is mostly made of the
muscles that allow a body to move and be flexible.
• Muscle is the tissue that contracts and relaxes,
making movement possible.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are the three types of muscles?
• The three types of muscle are skeletal, smooth,
and cardiac.
• Voluntary muscle is skeletal muscle that you are
able to control.
• Involuntary muscle is the smooth and cardiac
muscle you cannot control.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are the three types of muscles?
• Smooth muscle is found in internal organs and
blood vessels.
• Cardiac muscle is the tissue that makes up the
heart.
• Skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tough
strands of tissue called tendons.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are the three types of muscles?
• Most skeletal muscles work in pairs around a joint.
• The flexor bends the joint.
• The extensor straightens the joint.
• As one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are the three types of muscles?
• Point out the location of a flexor muscle and an
extensor muscle.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Move It or Lose It!
What are some injuries and disorders
of the muscular system?
• A strain is a muscle injury in which a muscle is
overstretched or torn.
• Muscular dystrophy causes skeletal muscle to
become weaker over time.
• Tendinitis occurs when tendons become inflamed
or torn.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are some benefits of exercise?
• Exercise is any activity that helps improve
physical fitness and health.
• Exercise can increase strength, endurance, and
flexibility. It can also improve heart and lung
function and reduce stress.
• People should get 30 to 60 minutes of exercise a
day.
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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems
What are some benefits of exercise?
• Resistance exercises are anaerobic, or do not
require oxygen for contraction, and involve short
bursts of intense effort.
• Endurance exercises are aerobic, or require
oxygen for contraction, and involve extended
periods of movement.
• Flexibility is improved by stretching muscles.
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