Download Chapt04 Lecture 13ed Pt 2

Human Biology
Sylvia S. Mader
Michael Windelspecht
Chapter 4
Organization and
Regulation of
Body Systems
Lecture Outline
Part 2
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1
4.2 Connective Tissue Connects and Supports
What do bone and cartilage look
like?
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© Ed Reschke
matrix
cell within
a lacuna
Hyaline cartilage
Figure 4.2 Connective tissues in the knee.
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4.2 Connective Tissue Connects and Supports
C. Fluid connective tissue:
Blood
•
Made of a ___________ called plasma and cellular
components that are called formed elements
•
3 formed elements:
1.
2.
3.
_____________ (erythrocytes) – cells that carry oxygen
_____________ (leukocytes) – cells that fight infection
__________ (thrombocytes) – pieces of cells that clot
blood
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4.2 Connective Tissue Connects and Supports
C. Fluid connective tissue:
Blood
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White blood cells
platelets
red blood cell
plasma
(surrounds
formed
elements)
Figure 4.3 The formed elements of blood.
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4.2 Connective Tissue Connects and Supports
C. Fluid connective tissue:
Lymph
•
Matrix is a _____ called lymph.
•
White blood cells congregate in lymph
nodes.
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4.3 Muscular Tissue Moves the Body
2. Muscle tissue
•
It allows for _______ in the body.
•
It is made of muscle fibers/cells and protein
fibers called actin and myosin.
•
There are 3 types of muscle tissue in
humans: A. skeletal, B. smooth, and
C. cardiac.
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4.3 Muscular Tissue Moves the Body
A. Muscle tissue - Skeletal
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•
•
•
Appearance: long,
cylindrical cells,
______________,
striated fibers
Location: attached
to bone for
movement
Skeletal muscle
• has striated cells with multiple nuclei.
• occurs in muscles attached to skeleton.
• functions in voluntary movement of body.
Muscle fiber
striation
nucleus
250
Nature: _________
movement
Figure 4.5a. The three types of muscle tissue.
© Ed Reschke
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4.3 Muscular Tissue Moves the Body
B. Muscle tissue - Smooth
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•
Appearance:
spindle-shaped cell
with ___________,
lacks striations
•
Location: walls of
_______ organs
and vessels
•
Smooth muscle
• has spindle-shaped cells, each with
a single nucleus.
• cells have no striations.
• functions In movement of substances
in lumens of body.
• is involuntary.
• is found in blood vessel walls and walls
of the digestive tract.
Smooth muscle cell
nucleus
400
Nature: involuntary
movement
Figure 4.5b. The three types of muscle tissue.
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Dennis Strete, photographer
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4.3 Muscular Tissue Moves the Body
C. Muscle tissue – Cardiac
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•
Appearance:
branched cells with
a _____________,
striations with
darker striations
called intercalated
disks between cells
•
Location: heart
•
Nature: involuntary
movement
Cardiac muscle
• has branching, striated cells, each with
a single nucleus.
• occurs in the wall of the heart.
• functions in the pumping of blood.
• is involuntary.
Intercalated disk
nucleus
250
Figure 4.5c. The three types of muscle tissue.
© Ed Reschke
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4.4 Nervous Tissue Communicates
3. Nervous tissue
•
It allows _________________ between cells
through sensory input, integration of data, and
motor output.
•
It is made of 2 major cell types: A. _________
and B. __________
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4.4 Nervous Tissue Communicates
A. Nervous tissue - neurons
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•
They are made of
__________, a cell
body, and an _____.
dendrite
Neuron
nucleus
cell body
Microglia
Astrocyte
•
___________ carry
information toward
the cell body.
Oligodendrocyte
myelin sheath
axon
Capillary
•
______ carry
information away
from the cell body.
Figure 4.6. A neuron and examples of supporting neuroglia cells.
dendrite
nucleus
cell body
axon
Micrograph of neuron
© Ed Reschke
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4.4 Nervous Tissue Communicates
A. Nervous tissue - neuroglia
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
•
•
They are a collection
of cells that _______
and _______ neurons.
dendrite
Neuron
nucleus
cell body
Microglia
Astrocyte
They outnumber
neurons 9:1.
Oligodendrocyte
myelin sheath
axon
•
Examples are
oligodendrocytes,
astrocytes, and
microglia.
Capillary
dendrite
nucleus
cell body
Figure 4.6. A neuron and examples of supporting neuroglia cells.
Micrograph of neuron
© Ed Reschke
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