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AIM: How Do Muscles Work and Why Are They Important to the Body? What is a muscle? - tissue made of long thin fibers that cause movement of bones, food, blood by contracting or shortening. What are INVOLUNTARY muscles? - muscles you can’t consciously control. There are 2 types: a) SMOOTH Muscle - cause movement of organs & blood vessels. Ex: digestive organs push food, arteries push blood. b) CARDIAC Muscle - involuntary muscles found only in the heart. Heart pumps blood. What are VOLUNTARY muscles? - muscles you can consciously control. Ex: Skeletal muscles. - also called STRIATED muscle because they are “striped”. - they move bones. How do muscles know when to contract & when to relax? - the brain sends signals through nerves to muscles telling them when to contract & when to stop contracting. How do muscles work to move bones? - skeletal muscles only PULL bones & they work in pairs. - one muscle will bend joints while its partner will straighten the same joint. Flexors • Muscle that bends a joint. Ex: Biceps. Extensors • Straighten joints. Ex: Triceps. What is a muscle cramp? -Involuntary contraction of a muscle. Usually caused by a lack of 02 What is a muscle sprain? - An over-extension, tear of muscle tissue or connective tissue Is this a healthy physique? Too much weight on any person’s body can add more stress on your joints Using too much protein builds more fat and doesn’t help to create even more muscle. BrainPop Muscles: under Health