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Transcript 
Bones & Muscles
How many bones
does the human
skeleton contain?
206
Functions of the skeletal
system





Gives shape & support
Protects internal organs
Moves muscles
Forms blood cells
Stores calcium and phosphorous
Bone Cross Section
Periosteum: soft, thin, covers
and protects the bone
Compact Bone: Hard,
outer surface. Can heal
itself when broken
Spongy Bone: Porous,
contains blood vessels,
nerves
Marrow: manufactures
red blood cells
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/fig81.jpg
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/bone.htm
Skeletal System
is divided into
two parts
Axial Skeleton



Skull (protects the
brain).
Ribs ( protect
lungs, and heart).
Spinal column
(houses and
protects the spinal
cord).
Appendicular Skeleton
Legs
 Pelvis
 Arms
 Shoulders

Types of Joints

Immovable



Skull
Pelvis
Movable




Pivot
Ball & socket
Hinge
Gliding
http://www.nhfyouthworld.org/junior/mayjun/skeleton.jpg
Types of Joints
•Ball and Socket
Joint
•Bone with a
rounded end that
fits into a cuplike
cavity on
another bone
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
Ball & Socket: Shoulders and
Hips


Allows arms
and hips to
move in any
direction
Can move in a
full 360
degrees
Types of Joints
• Pivot Joint
•One bone
rotates in a ring
of another bone
that does not
move
http://www.funhousefilms.com/b-pivot2.jpg
Pivot Joints: First two neck
vertebrae & joint beneath elbow

Moves in a
semicircle
motion by
twisting
against each
other
Types of Joints
•Hinge Joint
•Back-andforth
movement
like hinges
on a door
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
Hinged: Elbows & Knees



Move like
hinges on a
door
Limited
movement
Can only swing
back and forth
Type of Joints
•Gliding Joint
•One part
of a bone
slides over
another
bone
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
Gliding Joints: Spine, Wrists,
Ankles


Slide against
each other in a
gliding motion
Gives your
wrists and
ankles lots of
freedom
Immoveable joints are located
in the skull and pelvis.
http://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/john21.19.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/tissues/skeletal.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.sc.edu/union/Sears/AnimalTissue/im.tissue
Cardiac.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.bmb.psu.edu
How do muscles work
http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/
muscle.html
Inside a Muscle
Muscle Fiber
Muscle
Myofibril
http://www.cytochemistry.net/microanatomy/muscle/smooth1.jpg
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