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Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Chapter 10, part 2 Muscle Tissue PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Frederic H. Martini Fundamentals of SECTION 10-3 The Contraction of Skeletal Muscle Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tension • Created when muscles contract • Series of steps that begin with excitation at the neuromuscular junction • Calcium release • Thick/thin filament interaction • Muscle fiber contraction • Tension Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.9 An Overview of the Process of Skeletal Muscle Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.9 Control of skeletal muscle activity occurs at the neuromuscular junction • Action potential arrives at synaptic terminal • ACh released into synaptic cleft • ACh binds to receptors on post-synaptic neuron • Action potential in sarcolemma Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.10 Skeletal Muscle Innervation Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.10a, b Figure 10.10 Skeletal Muscle Innervation PLAY Animation: Neuromuscular junction Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.10c Excitation/contraction coupling • Action potential along T-tubule causes release of calcium from cisternae of SR • Initiates contraction cycle • Attachment • Pivot • Detachment • Return Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.12 The Contraction Cycle Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.12 Figure 10.12 The Contraction Cycle Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.12 Figure 10.12 The Contraction Cycle Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.12 Figure 10.12 The Contraction Cycle Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.12 Relaxation • Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh • Limits the duration of contraction PLAY Animation: Sliding filament theory Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 10-4 Tension Production Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tension production by muscle fibers • All or none principle • Amount of tension depends on number of cross bridges formed • Skeletal muscle contracts most forcefully over a narrow ranges of resting lengths Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.13 The Effect of Sarcomere Length on Tension Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.13 • Twitch • Cycle of contraction, relaxation produced by a single stimulus • Treppe • Repeated stimulation after relaxation phase has been completed Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Summation • Repeated stimulation before relaxation phase has been completed • Wave summation = one twitch is added to another • Incomplete tetanus = muscle never relaxes completely • Complete tetanus = relaxation phase is eleminated Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.14 The Twitch and the Development of Tension Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.14 Figure 10.15 Effects of Repeated Stimulations Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.15 Tension production by skeletal muscles • Internal tension generated inside contracting muscle fibers • External tension generated in extracellular fibers Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.16 Internal and External Tension Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.16 • Motor units • All the muscle fibers innervated by one neuron • Precise control of movement determined by number and size of motor unit • Muscle tone • Stabilizes bones and joints Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.17 The Arrangement of Motor Units in a Skeletal Muscle Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.17
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