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IN THE NAME OF GOD Medical Terminology Of Muscular System MUSCLE TYPES • Rhabdomy/o • Covers: skeleton • Striated (skeletal, voluntary) • Function: Skeletal movement • Leiomy/o • Covers: organs, vessels • Smooth(Visceral,Involuntary)• Function: Movements of liquids, gases, and solids • Myocardi/o • Cardiac • Covers: heart • Function: Maintain heartbeat Important combining forms for muscle • Muscle - my/o, myos/o • Fascia: covers, supports, & separates muscle - fasci/o • Tendon: connects muscle to bone - tendin/o • Aponeurosis = flat tendon MY/O = MUSCLE معنی ماهیچه Medterm Muscle Meaning Tissue composed of fibers that are capable of contraction Myosclerosis Hardening of a muscle سخت شدن عضله Myocele Herniation of a muscle پارگی در عضله Myalgia Pain in the muscle درد عضله Myodynia Pain in the muscle درد عضالنی Myocyte Muscle cell سلول عضالنی Myogenesis Formation of muscle cell Myology Study of muscles تشکیل رشته های عضالنی عضله شناسی Medterm Meaning Myorrhexis Tearing of a muscle Myomalacia Softening of a muscle Myolysis Destruction of a muscle Electrtomyography Records the stengch of muscle cotractions as the result of electrical stimulation Myofibrils Skeletal muscle fibers Myasthenia Gravis Autoimmune disorder characterized bye muscle weakness Death of individual muscle fibers Myonecrosis Myotrophy Wasting away of a muscle Myokymia Persistent qulvering of a muscle معنی پارگی عضله نرمی یک عضله استحاله بافت عضالنی عنصر تشکیل دهنده عضله میاستنی گراویس مرگ ماهیچه ای لرزش دیرپای عضالت معنی تومور ماهیچه ای Medterm Meaning Myoma Tumor composed of muscle tissue Myopathy Any muscular deseas Myositis Inflammation of skeletal muscle tissue Myotomy Cutting of muscle tissue Myotonia Prolonged muscular spasm Fibromyositis Inflammation of fibrous muscle عضالنی- التهاب بافت رشته ای Fibromyalgia Pain of fibrous muscle عضالنی- درد رشته ای Rhabdomyoma Tumor of sekeletal muscle Myasthenia Muscle weakness بیماری ماهیچه ای التهاب ماهیچه ای برش بافت عضالنی افزایش کشش ماهیچه ای تومور رشته ای ماهیچه ی اسکلتی ضعف عضالنی Medterm Meaning معنی عضالنی- عصبی Neuromuscular Nerve & Muscle Myoischemia Lack of oxygen in the muscle tissue Myooedema Swelling of a muscle تورم ماهیچه ای Myopathy Disease of a Muscle بیماری ماهیچه ای Myoplasty Surgical repair of a muscle نا رسانی خون در عضله عمل جراحی ترمیمی عضله MOVEMENT OR MOTION FOR MUSCLE Kinesi/o = Movement Medterm Meaning Hyperkinesia Increased muscular movement Bradykinesia Slowness of movement Kinesialgia Pain with movement Kinesiology Study of muscular body movements معنی ازدیاد فعالیت عضالنی کندی غیر طبیعی حرکات درد حین حرکات حرکت شناسی ROM = range of motion • Antagonistic pairs • • • • Abduction ----- adduction Flexion ---------- extension Rotation --------circumduction Supination ----- pronation • Dorsiflexion --- plantar flexion Medterm Meaning Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones Extension Increasing an angle between two bones Hyperextension Over Extension on of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit Elevation Lifiting a body part Depression Lowering a body part Rotation Circular movement of a limb around an axis Circumduction Circular Movement of limb at the far end Abduction Movement away from the midline of the body Adduction Movement towerd the midline of the body PATHOLOGY OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM • Torticollis: stiff neck : خشک شدن گردن • Spasm: “cramp” • Kinesia: movement - Dyskinesia - Hyper/ hypo– kinesia - Bradykinesia -brady = slow • Hemiparesis: paresis = weakness • Hiccups = spasm of diaphragm ; also called “singultus” • Contracture = shortening of muscle & resistant to stretching USING - TAX • Tax = coordination • Ataxia: uncoordinated voluntary muscle movement • Dystaxia: dys = bad USING-spasm My/o/spasm -A spasm of a muscle Using -pathy My/o/pathy: A generalized disease condition of the muscles USING -SCLEROSIS My/o/scler/osis: A hardening of muscle tissue USING -OMA My/oma A muscle tumor USING -LYSIS My/o/lysis Destruction of muscle tissue معنی Root Medterm Meaning Myo Myo/malaci a abnormal softening of muscle Myo Myo/rrhexis rupture of muscle Myo Myo/clonus violent action of muscle گرفتگی عضالنی Mya /asthenia Myasthenia Weakness of muscle خستگی عضالنی Myo / cele Myocele Hernia of muscle شکاف عضالنی Para / plegia Paraplegia Paralysis of all four extremities فلج اندام تحتانی Hemi / plegia Hemiplegia In complete paralysis فلج ناقص Quadri / plegia Quadriplegi a Paralysis of all four extremities فلج گردن به پایین نرم شدن عضله پارگی عضله Root معنی Medterm Meaning poly / plegia Polyplegia Paralysis of many muscles فلج اکثرماهیچه ها Epi / myo Epimysium پوشش خارجی عضله Endo /myo Endomysium Outer covering of a muscle Covering of each muscle fiber Peri /myo Perimysium ____________ Agonist ____________ ____________ Antagonist Tendon ____________ Ligament ____________ Sprain Outer Covering of small bundle of muscle A contracting muscle A Muscle that opposes Fibrouse bands of tissue that attaches muscle to bone Fibrous bands of tissue that hold bones together at a joint Traumatic injury to tendons,muscle and ligaments around a joint شبکه ای اطراف فایبرها پوشش اطراف ماهیچه ای عضله ای که با انبساط یک عضله منقبض می شود مخالف تاندون لیگامنت رگ به رگ شدن عضله Root ___________ Medterm Strain fascio Fascia Epi / condyle / itis Epicondylitis ____________ Hypertrophy ___________ Atrophy Fibr /o / sis Fibrosis Fibri / sitis Fibrisitis Fibr / myo / sitis Fibromyositis Meaning Overstretching of a muscle Band of fibrous tissue that covers,supports and seperates muscle Inflammation of tissue around the elbow Over development of a muscle Wasting away of a muscle Degenerative diseas in which fibrous connective tissue replaces skeletal muscle tissue Inflammation of fibrous connective tissues, espicially in the muslce fascia Inflammation of fibrous muscle معنی کشش بیش از حد ماهیچه ای التهاب بافت اطراف آرنج رشد بیش از حد تحلیل رفتگی تصلب بافت التهاب بافت فیبری اطراف ماهیچه التهاب فیبر های ماهیچه ای Root Medterm Meaning Fibr / mya /lgia Fibromyalgia Pain of fibrous muscle tend/o/nitis Tendonitis ten/o/syno/vitis Tenosynovitis Inflammation of a tendon Inflammation of a tendon and synovial membrane ten/o/ Tenodynia Tendon Pain brachi/o/ Brachialgia Arm pain fasci /o/tis Fasciitis Inflammation of fascia viscer/o/algia Visceralgia Pain the viscera معنی درد فیبری التهاب تاندون التهاب تاندون درد تاندون بازو درد التهاب فاسیای ماهیچه درد احشایی معنی Root Medterm Meaning _________ Synergist A muscle functioning in cooperation with another musle هم کرداری Rhabdo / my / oma Rhabdomyoma Tumor of skeletal muscle تومور ماهیچه ی اسکلتی para / plegia Paraplegia Paralysis of all four extremities فلج ___________ Tonus Normal state of balanced muscle tension present in body when one is awake کشیدگی طبیعی ABBREVIATION Meaning معنی ROM Range Of Motion حرکات مختلف DTR Deep Tendon Reflex رفلکس تاندون EMG ElectroMyoGrap hy الکترومایوگرافی IM IntraMuscular درون ماهیچه ای MD Muscular Dystrophy دیستروفی عضالنی THE END
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