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09/15 Virgin Soil Epidemics
Disease Before Columbus
Disease-free paradise vs. evidence of infectious diseases
Encounter and Devastation
Hispaniola: Las Casas
Tenochtitlan & Broken Spears: from 25,000,000 to 1,000,000
Quebec
Roanoke
New England: 1616-1619, 1633-1634
Overall, 90% decline in first century after contact
Epidemics and demoralization?
Impact on Europeans: corn, potatoes, tomatoes, and tobacco…
How Many Died?
Historical records
Archeological evidence
Ecological theories
Epidemiological extrapolations
Why Did They Die?
Evidence of infections
Why were Indians susceptible?
Natural selection and virgin soil theory
Role of malnutrition
Contingency and social causation
Health Disparities Today: Biological and Social Explanations