Download Descriptive Epidemiology

Descriptive
Epidemiology
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Triads in epidemiology
Person, place & time
Agent, host, environment
Person
1. Age
 Type of the disease
Birth trauma
Congenital anomalies
Infectious diseases
Degenerative diseases
 Clinical presentation
Thyroxine defeciency
Iodine deficiency
DM
TB
 Severity of the disease
DM
Whooping cough
Pneumonia
Fractures
Mechanism
 Agents
Degree of communicability
Post infection immunity
Latency paper
 Host
Immunity
Hormones
 Environment
Exposure
2-Gender
 Genetic
sex-linked diseases.
 Hormonal defieciency of female sex
hormone
 Anatomical C cervix & prostate
 Exposure
work, nursing
3-Race & familial tendency
 Family Genetic Vs common
exposure.
 Race sickle cell anaemia
4-Scioeconomic status
Education Behaviour
Economy Environment, Access to
health care facilities.
Occupation Occupational diseases
5-Marital status
 Dangerous occupation
 Feeding
 Stress
Place
 Geographic location
temperature,
humidity,
winds,
animals,,,etc.
 Geology
Radioactive
materials
Hardness of water
 Chemical and physical environment
Iodine in soil
Sulpher dioxide
 Environmental sanitation
Filth diseases
Pools of water
 Availability of health services
Vaccination
Dtection
 Characteristics of the inhabitants
Age, Sex………etc.
Time
 Long term secular trend
Steady trend towards increase or
decrease over a long period of time.
1700
2000
 Seasonal
Influenza, meningitis, food
poisoning.
 Cyclic pattern
Measles in pre-vaccination era, RVF.
 Rapid fluctuation
epidemics, weeks, days , hours.