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Brain Food Video Quiz
Bellringers
Quotes About Character
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Quotes About Character
“An individual step in character training is
to put responsibility on the individual.”
—Robert Baden-Powell
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Chapter 17
Infectious Diseases
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Chapter 17
Infectious Diseases
Lessons
• Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
• Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious Diseases
• Lesson 3 Common Bacterial Infections
• Lesson 4 Common Viral Infections
• Lesson 5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
• Lesson 7 Preventing the Spread of Infectious Diseases
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
Bellringer
List three ways that an infection can spread to other
people.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
Objectives
•
Identify five types of infectious agents.
•
Describe ways in which infection can spread.
•
Describe bacterial and viral infections.
•
Explain how antibiotics fight bacterial infections.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
Start Off Write
How do infections spread?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
Infectious Diseases
•
What Is an Infectious Disease? An infectious
disease is any disease that is caused by an agent
that can pass from one living thing to another.
•
What Is a Contagious Disease? A contagious
disease is a disease that can be passed directly
from one person to another person.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
How Infections Spread
•
What Is an Infectious Disease? Infections can
spread directly or indirectly in the following ways:
1. from person to person
2. from animal to person
3. from insect to person
4. from food or water to a person
5. from object to person
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
Infectious agents
can be spread
by direct or
indirect contact.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
Bacterial Infections
•
What Are Bacteria? Bacteria are very small,
single-celled organisms that are found almost
everywhere.
•
Examples of Bacterial Infections Some examples
of infections that bacteria cause are tetanus, ulcers,
and tuberculosis.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
Antibiotics
•
What Are Antibiotics? An antibiotic is a drug that
kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
•
Commonly Used Antibiotics Examples of
commonly used antibiotics are penicillin, ampicillin,
and erythromycin.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
Viral Infections
•
What Are Viruses? A virus is an extremely small
particle that consists of an outer shell and genetic
material.
•
Symptoms of Viral Infections The symptoms of a
viral infection vary and may include nasal
congestion and a sore throat, as in a cold, or body
aches and fever, as in the flu.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
A virus usually is
made of only a
protein coat and
genetic material.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious
Diseases
Bellringer
Explain why you sometimes get a fever when you are
sick.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious
Diseases
Objectives
•
Describe how the body keeps germs out.
•
Explain how the body fights diseases internally.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious
Diseases
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How does your body defend itself against disease?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious
Diseases
Your Body’s Defense System
•
First Barrier The first part of your body’s defense
system against disease agents is made up of
physical barriers, such as your skin, saliva, and
nasal hairs.
•
Second Barrier The immune system is made up of
organs and special cells that fight infection.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious
Diseases
The Front Line: Keeping Germs Out
•
Physical Barriers Some of the physical barriers
your body has to keep infectious agents out are as
follows:
1. Skin
2. Hair
3. Tears
4. Mucus
5. Saliva and Stomach Acid
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Chapter 17
Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious
Diseases
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Chapter 17
Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious
Diseases
Your Body’s Internal Defense
•
How does the immune respond to a viral infection?
1. Macrophages engulf the cells that have been
infected by viruses.
2. The macrophages signal T cells and B cells.
3. The B cells produce antibodies, which are
substances that destroy germs. The T cells help
destroy the virus-infected cells.
4. Antibodies attach to other viruses outside of the
cells. This signals other cells to destroy the viruses.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious
Diseases
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Chapter 17
Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious
Diseases
Keeping Your Immune System Strong
•
To strengthen your immune system, you have to
eat right and exercise regularly. You should also get
the vaccinations you need and go to the doctor
regularly.
•
Engaging in certain activities, such as using
alcohol, tobacco, or illegal drugs, can seriously
weaken your immune system.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 3 Common Bacterial Infections
Bellringer
When was the last time you were treated with
antibiotics for an infection? What kind of infection did
you have?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 3 Common Bacterial Infections
Objectives
•
Describe the causes and symptoms of three
common bacterial infections.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 3 Common Bacterial Infections
Start Off Write
What are three diseases that are caused by bacteria?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 3 Common Bacterial Infections
Strep Throat
•
What Is Strep Throat? Strep throat is an infection
caused by a bacterium called streptococcus.
•
Symptoms of Strep Throat The main symptom of
strep throat is pain when you swallow. Strep
infection can also make you feel achy and feverish.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 3 Common Bacterial Infections
Strep Throat
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Chapter 17
Lesson 3 Common Bacterial Infections
Tuberculosis
•
What Is Tuberculosis? Tuberculosis is a bacterial
infection caused by very slow-growing organisms
from a family of bacteria called mycobacteria.
•
Symptoms of Tuberculosis The symptoms of
tuberculosis are persistent cough, weakness, fever,
and sweating.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 3 Common Bacterial Infections
Sinus Infections
•
What Is Sinusitis? Sinuses can fill with mucus and
become infected with bacteria. This condition is
called sinusitis.
•
Symptoms of Sinusitis Symptoms include
congestion, a runny nose, fever, or a headache.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 4 Common Viral Infections
Bellringer
What are three home remedies that your family uses to
treat a cold or the flu?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 4 Common Viral Infections
Objectives
•
Identify three common viral infections.
•
Explain what a vaccine is.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 4 Common Viral Infections
Start Off Write
What are some symptoms of the flu?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 4 Common Viral Infections
The Common Cold
•
Passed by Touch The common cold is actually
caused by many different viruses. Cold viruses are
usually passed from person to person by touch.
•
Symptoms Cold symptoms usually include sore
throat, sneezing, congestion, headache, and a
runny nose.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 4 Common Viral Infections
Colds can be passed
by sneezing or
coughing.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 4 Common Viral Infections
Influenza
•
What is the Flu? Influenza, or “the flu,” is actually
a virus from one of the two groups of viruses called
influenza A and influenza B.
•
Symptoms Symptoms of influenza include fever,
chills, and body aches as well as all the symptoms
of a cold virus.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 4 Common Viral Infections
Mononucleosis
•
What is Mononucleosis? Infectious
mononucleosis is caused by a virus called EpsteinBarr virus, or EBV.
•
Symptoms The symptoms of mononucleosis are
swollen glands in the neck, fever, feeling tired, and
sore throat. The liver and spleen can also be
affected.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Bellringer
List three sexually transmitted diseases.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Objectives
•
Explain why abstinence is the only sure way to
avoid sexually transmitted diseases.
•
Identify six common sexually transmitted diseases.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Start Off Write
What are sexually transmitted diseases?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
What Are STDs?
•
Sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs, are
contagious infections that are spread from person
to person by sexual contact.
•
The only certain way to keep from catching these
diseases is by abstinence.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
Bellringer
Identify two ways that a person can get HIV.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
Objectives
•
Explain the difference between HIV and AIDS.
•
List four ways that HIV can be spread from person
to person.
•
Describe how HIV and AIDS have become a
worldwide problem.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
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How can you get HIV?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
What Are HIV and AIDS?
•
AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or
AIDS, is a serious viral disease that destroys the
body’s immune system.
•
HIV AIDS is caused by a virus called human
immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
HIV is the virus
that causes AIDS.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
Where Did HIV Come From?
•
SIV Most scientists think HIV came from central
Africa where the African green monkey lives. This
monkey carries the Simian immunodeficiency virus,
or SIV, which is similar to HIV.
•
SIV Mutates to HIV It is thought that some SIV
particles changed slightly to become HIV and
somehow contaminated the blood of a hunter while
he was slaughtering a monkey for food.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
How HIV Is Spread?
•
Methods of Transmission The following are
methods by which HIV can be spread:
1. Sexual contact
2. Sharing hypodermic needles
3. Blood transfusion
4. Mother to child HIV
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
The Effects of AIDS on the Body
•
Weakened Immune System Because HIV attacks
the immune system, it destroys your body’s ability
to fight infections.
•
Opportunistic Infections Often AIDS sufferers get
an opportunistic infection, or an infection that
happens only in people whose immune systems
are not working very well.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
How HIV and AIDS Are Treated
•
Combination Therapy The only treatment
available for AIDS is a combination of several drugs
and is called combination therapy.
•
Treating Opportunistic Infections A second type
of treatment is usually needed for AIDS patients
who suffer from opportunistic infections. Different
types of opportunistic infection require different
kinds of treatments.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
The HIV/AIDS Epidemic
•
Since the first cases of AIDS were reported, the
disease has spread to every country in every
continent.
•
About 40 million people worldwide are infected with
HIV and over 22 million have already died from it.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
This graph shows a worldwide increase in the
number of people living with HIV and AIDS.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 7 Preventing the Spread of
Infectious Diseases
Bellringer
How many diseases have you received vaccines for?
List as many of these vaccines as you can remember.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 7 Preventing the Spread of
Infectious Diseases
Objectives
•
Identify situations and behaviors that increase or
decrease the risk of catching an infectious disease.
•
Describe four ways to prevent infectious diseases
from spreading to others.
•
Explain the importance of getting vaccinations.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 7 Preventing the Spread of
Infectious Diseases
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What is the best way to avoid catching a cold or the flu?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 7 Preventing the Spread of
Infectious Diseases
Protecting Yourself
•
Avoid Contact with Infected People The best way
to avoid infection is to try to stay away from people
who have a contagious disease, such as a cold or
flu.
•
Casual Contact Is Okay in Some Cases
However, avoiding people with certain diseases is
not always necessary. For example, you can’t catch
HIV from casual contact.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 7 Preventing the Spread of
Infectious Diseases
These are a few simple things that you can do to
reduce your risk of catching an infection.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 7 Preventing the Spread of
Infectious Diseases
Protecting Others
•
•
•
Wash Your Hands If you have a cold or flu you
should wash your hands regularly to keep germs off
of your hands and to prevent you from spreading
infections by touch.
Coughing and Sneezing Cough or sneeze into
your elbow rather than into your hand or the air.
Be Considerate of Others If you know that you
have a contagious infection, avoid situations in
which you are in contact with people.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 7 Preventing the Spread of
Infectious Diseases
Getting Your Shots
•
Vaccines Early childhood vaccinations include
hepatitis, measles, mumps, rubella (German
measles), polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis
(whooping cough), and chickenpox. Ask your
doctor if you have had all of the vaccinations that
you need.
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Brain Food Video Quiz
Click below to watch the Brain Food Video Quiz that
accompanies this chapter.
Brain Food Video Quiz
You may stop the video at any time by pressing
the Esc key.
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 1 What Is an Infectious Disease?
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Chapter 17
Lesson 2 Defenses Against Infectious
Diseases
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Chapter 17
Lesson 3 Common Bacterial Infections
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Chapter 17
Lesson 4 Common Viral Infections
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
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Chapter 17
Lesson 6 HIV and AIDS
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Chapter 17
Lesson 7 Preventing the Spread of
Infectious Diseases
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Quotes About Character
“If you stand straight, do not fear a crooked
shadow.”
—Chinese Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.”
—African Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“A man cannot be comfortable without his
own approval.”
—Mark Twain
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Quotes About Character
“Our reverence is good for nothing if it does
not begin with self-respect.”
—Oliver Wendell Holmes
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Quotes About Character
“When the character of a man is not clear to
you, look at his friends.”
—Japanese Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“What lies behind us and what lies before
us are small matters compared to what lies
within us.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“A good name, like good will, is got by
many actions and lost by one.”
—Lord Jeffrey
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Quotes About Character
“To enjoy the things we ought and to hate
the things we ought has the greatest
bearing on excellence of character.”
—Aristotle
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Quotes About Character
“He that respects himself is safe from
others; He wears a coat of mail that none
can pierce.”
—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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Quotes About Character
“The reputation of a thousand years may be
determined by the conduct of one hour.”
—Japanese Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“Dreams are the touchstones of our
character.”
—Henry David Thoreau
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Quotes About Character
“A man’s character is his fate.”
—Heraclitus
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Quotes About Character
“Character is that which reveals moral
purpose, exposing the class of things a
man chooses and avoids.”
—Aristotle
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Quotes About Character
“What you do speaks so loud that I cannot
hear what you say.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“Abstinence is the surety of temperance.”
—Plato
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Quotes About Character
“This above all, to thine own self be
true/And it must follow, as the night the day/
Thou canst not then be false to any man.”
—William Shakespeare
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Quotes About Character
“No change of circumstances can repair a
defect of character .”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“Men acquire a particular quality by
constantly acting a particular way . . . you
become just by performing just actions,
temperate by performing temperate actions,
brave by performing brave actions.”
—Aristotle
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Quotes About Character
“The way to gain a good reputation is to
endeavor to be what you desire to appear.”
—Socrates
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Quotes About Character
“Do what you know and perception is
converted into character.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“Rather fail with honor than succeed by
fraud.”
—Sophocles
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Quotes About Character
“Character is higher than intellect.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“To know what is right and not do it is the
worst cowardice.”
—Confucius
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Quotes About Character
“It takes less time to do a thing right, than it
does to explain why you did it wrong.”
—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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Quotes About Character
“Nature magically suits a man to his
fortunes, by making them the fruit of his
character.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“That soul that can be honest is the only
perfect man.”
—John Fletcher
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Quotes About Character
“One does evil enough when one does
nothing good.”
—German Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“There is no pillow so soft as a clear
conscience.”
—French Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“Don't forget to love yourself.”
—Soren Kierkegaard
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Quotes About Character
“Character is the indelible mark that
determines the only true value of all people
and all their work.”
—Orison Swett Marden
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Quotes About Character
“What we think or what we believe is, in the
end, of little consequence. The only thing of
consequence is what we do.”
—John Ruskin
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Quotes About Character
“Fame is vapor, popularity an accident,
riches take wing, and only character
endures.”
—Horace Greeley
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Quotes About Character
“You can easily judge the character of a
man by how he treats those who can do
nothing for him.”
—James D. Miles
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Quotes About Character
“Right is right, even if everyone is against
it; and wrong is wrong, even if everyone is
for it.”
—William Penn
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Quotes About Character
“Our deeds determine us, as much as we
determine our deeds.”
—George Eliot
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Quotes About Character
“Character is the result of two things:
mental attitude and the way we spend our
time.”
—Elbert Hubbard
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Quotes About Character
“A man without character is like a ship
without a rudder.”
—Karl G. Maeser
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Quotes About Character
“Character is much easier kept than
recovered.”
—Thomas Paine
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Quotes About Character
“Character is power.”
—Booker T. Washington
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Quotes About Character
“An individual step in character training is
to put responsibility on the individual.”
—Robert Baden-Powell
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Quotes About Character
“Character is a by-product; it is produced in
the great manufacture of daily duty.”
—Woodrow T. Wilson
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.