* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Annual Bloodborne Pathogen & Exposure Control Training
Neonatal infection wikipedia , lookup
Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases wikipedia , lookup
Neglected tropical diseases wikipedia , lookup
Onchocerciasis wikipedia , lookup
Human cytomegalovirus wikipedia , lookup
Ebola virus disease wikipedia , lookup
Trichinosis wikipedia , lookup
West Nile fever wikipedia , lookup
Chagas disease wikipedia , lookup
African trypanosomiasis wikipedia , lookup
Marburg virus disease wikipedia , lookup
Middle East respiratory syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Schistosomiasis wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Coccidioidomycosis wikipedia , lookup
Sexually transmitted infection wikipedia , lookup
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis wikipedia , lookup
Leptospirosis wikipedia , lookup
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS Annual Training Rutherford County Schools Department of School Health Services Revised April, 2015 RCS Exposure Control Plan An Exposure Control Plan is a written document of practices and procedures, required equipment and facilities designed to eliminate or minimize employee exposure to infectious agents or biohazardous materials. The Rutherford County Schools Exposure Control Plan includes training all employees about Bloodborne pathogens. What Are Bloodborne Pathogens? Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs) are GERMS (microorganisms) that are present in human blood and can infect people and cause disease. Commonly encountered BBPs include: – – – Hepatitis B Hepatitis C HIV/AIDS Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) HBV is found in highest concentrations in blood and in lower concentrations in other body fluids (e.g., semen, vaginal secretions, and wound exudates). HBV is not spread through food or water, sharing eating utensils, breastfeeding, hugging, kissing, hand holding, coughing, or sneezing. HBV can survive outside the body at least 7 days and still be capable of causing infection. The incubation period from the time of exposure to onset of symptoms is between 6 weeks and 6 months. A HBV infection can be short-lived (acute) or chronic. Signs & Symptoms of HBV Infection Acute HBV infection—May have any of the following: – – – – – – – – – – Fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Dark urine Clay-colored bowel movements Joint pain Jaundice Chronic Hepatitis B – Might be asymptomatic and have no evidence of liver disease. – OR Might display diseases ranging from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis C Hepatitis C is a contagious liver disease. Can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. Usually spread through sharing needles or other equipment to inject drugs. Symptoms may occur 6weeks to 6 months after exposure. Many people with Heb C have no symptoms at all, but he/she is still contagious and can pass the disease on to others. Hepatitis C Signs & Symptoms 70% – 80% of people with acute Hepatitis C have no symptoms. Some have mild to severe symptoms, including: – – – – – – – – – – Fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Dark urine Clay-colored bowel movements Joint pain Jaundice (yellow color in the skin or eyes) Hepatitis C Hepatitis C can be either “acute” or “chronic.” – – Acute Hepatitis C virus infection is a short-term illness that occurs within the first 6 months after someone is exposed to the Hepatitis C virus. For most people, acute infection leads to chronic infection. Chronic Hepatitis C is a serious disease than can result in long-term health problems, or even death. There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C. The best way to prevent Hepatitis C is by avoiding behaviors that can spread the disease, especially injection drug use. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) The virus that can lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) CDC estimates that ~ 56,000 people in the United States contracted HIV in 2006. HIV damages a person’s body by destroying specific blood cells, called T cells, which are crucial to helping the body fight diseases. HIV HIV is spread primarily by: – – – – Having unprotected sex with an infected person Having multiple sex partners or the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment used to prepare illicit drugs for injection Being born to an infected mother—HIV can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding. HIV Signs & Symptoms Some people develop flu-like symptoms that last for 1-2 weeks. Others have no symptoms at all for several years. Early HIV infection is associated with many diseases including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and cancer. AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection, when a person’s immune system is severely damaged and has difficulty fighting diseases and certain cancers. Modes of Transmission How are these GERMS (bloodborne pathogens) spread? They are spread by contaminated blood or other body fluids (urine, vomit, mucus, semen, etc.) entering the body of another individual. Transmission is most likely to occur through: – – – An accidental cutting of skin by a sharp object, such as broken glass that is contaminated; Contact between broken or damaged skin and infected body fluids; Contact between mucous membranes and infected body fluids. What is Broken Skin? Open sores Cuts Scrapes or abrasions Acne lesions Any sort of damaged or broken skin, such as sunburn blisters or mosquito bites that have been scratched. These are all examples of broken skin that could be a way for BBP to get into a person’s body and make him/her sick. Other Modes of Transmission How else can GERMS be spread? – – – Splashes in the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth Unprotected sex with an infected person Sharing needles with an infected person These are all other ways for BBP to get into a person’s body and make him/her sick. How Are These GERMS NOT Spread? Through touching an infected person Coughing or sneezing Using the same equipment, materials, toilets, water fountains, or showers as an infected person What Can I Do to Protect Myself? Use UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS Assume that every person is potentially infected with germs that could make you sick. Hand Washing Wash your hands with soap and water, rubbing vigorously for at least 20 seconds, when hands are visibly dirty. If hands are not visibly soiled, the preferred method of hand washing is with an alcohol-based hand rub. Wash hands often, especially: Before eating After toileting After taking off gloves Prevention (PPE) UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): – – – Gloves Eye protection (goggles) Face masks/shields Gloves Wear gloves when you anticipate being in contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, or potentially contaminated intact skin. Gloves should fit appropriately. The custodian or nurse will have a supply of gloves. Goggles and Masks – – – – Use goggles and masks to protect the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth when you are likely to be exposed to splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions. Use a pocket resuscitation mask when performing CPR. Dispose of gloves and other PPE in trash receptacles as soon as task is completed. Wash hands immediately. Protection UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS: Use Appropriate Housekeeping Measures: – – – – Properly dispose of contaminated waste. Bandages that are NOT dripping blood can be disposed of in a regular garbage can. Bandages that DO drip when squeezed should be disposed of in a puncture-proof sharps/needle container labeled as “hazardous.” Label on hazardous waste container: What Could Happen at Work to Put Me At Risk? NOT putting on your gloves before dealing with a child that is vomiting. NOT putting on your gloves or eye protection if you are a First Responder dealing with an emergency. NOT putting on your gloves if there is bleeding involved. NOT wearing your gloves while you are changing a diaper. What else can you think of that may put you at risk? Hepatitis B Vaccine Some employees are considered “at risk” due to the nature of their jobs and should consider being vaccinated against the Hepatitis B virus. RCS offers these vaccines free of charge to these individuals. RCS “At Risk” Employees School secretaries and/or Para Professionals /Educational Assistants, if they are designated as the persons who deal with injuries in the normal performance of their duties; CDC teachers and paraprofessionals working with developmentally disabled/severely disabled students Behavior Intervention Class staff & faculty Bus attendants who work with developmentally disabled students First Responder team members School Nurses School Custodians See your school nurse if you are in one of these categories and are interested in receiving the Hepatitis B Vaccine. Hepatitis B Vaccine A series of 3 injections over a 4 month period Efficacy: After 3 properly administered doses of vaccine, approx. 9 out of 10 individuals develop protective antibodies and immunity to HBV infection. Safety: Since 1982, >120 million people have been vaccinated, very rarely with any side effects at all. Benefits of being vaccinated: peace of mind and physical immunity to Hepatitis B Free of charge to “at-risk” employees TITERS For those people deemed “at risk” who receive the 3 shot Hepatitis B series, a blood draw will be done 1-2 months after you receive the 3rd shot in the series to make sure you acquired immunity to the Hepatitis B virus. If you did not form the antibodies needed to protect you from Hepatitis B, you will need to repeat the 3 shot series. Cleaning Blood or Body Fluid Spills Wear PPE (gloves and/or goggles) as appropriate. Carefully cover the “spill” with an absorbent material, i.e. paper towel, to prevent splashing. Disinfect with proper solution (*Your custodian will have the proper equipment.) Wait 10 minutes to ensure adequate decontamination, and then carefully wipe up the spilled material. * Disinfect all mops and cleaning tools after the job is done. * Dispose of all contaminated materials appropriately. * Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water immediately after the clean up is complete. Waste Disposal Do NOT pick up broken glass with your bare hands. Instead, use items such as a brush and dustpan to pick it up. Sterilize broken glass that is visibly contaminated with blood with an approved disinfectant before cleaning it up. Dispose of decontaminated glass in an appropriate sharps container. Sharps containers should be leakproof on sides and bottom, and appropriately labeled. Dispose of uncontaminated broken glass in a closable, puncture resistant container. What is Considered to be an “Exposure”? An Exposure is any event that involves: – – – A cut by a potentially contaminated needle or other sharp object. A splash of blood or other potentially infectious materials to the eyes, mouth, or mucous membranes. Blood or other potentially infectious materials contacting broken skin. Early treatment can significantly reduce the chance of disease transmission! When an Employee Has a Possible Exposure: FIRST: – Clean the area immediately, preferably with soap and water, or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer. – For eyes, flush thoroughly with running water. Then: Inform the Principal and/or your supervisor as soon as possible. If sharps were involved, an entry on the Sharps Injury Log will be necessary. The OJI contact person will have this. He/she should also notify the School Nurse. Complete the First Report of Injury Form. Include: – – – The route of exposure (splash in eye, cut on hand) How the exposure occurred Whose blood or body fluids came in contact with you Complete the Panel of Physicians Form. You will be seen by the Workman’s Comp physician that you selected on the Panel of Physicians Form. At Your Medical Evaluation After proper consent, blood work will be drawn from you and the source individual as soon as feasible. If not already vaccinated for hepatitis B, the vaccine will be offered to you, at no cost. You will be provided with the source individual’s test results and with information about applicable confidentiality laws. Post-Exposure Follow-Up After an exposure incident: – You will receive a copy of the evaluating health care provider’s written opinion within 15 days of completing your evaluation. – The circumstances of the incident will be reviewed and revisions will be made as needed. If You Have Any Questions Please contact your school nurse if you have other concerns about BBP. She is available to answer your questions! Special Notes For Females of Childbearing Age Some illnesses can be passed on to the baby and cause it harm. Sometimes the risk factor is based on the gestational age of the baby. Or it may be harmful during the entire pregnancy or only during childbirth. For example: H1N1 flu puts a pregnant women at risk any time during the pregnancy for severe complications that may even be life-threatening. Females of Childbearing Age Some children are contagious before they have symptoms that identify their disease, as is the case with Fifth’s Disease. These kids are no longer contagious once their rash is manifested, but you have already been exposed. Universal Precautions remains an important safeguard, but doesn’t prevent respiratory (droplet) transmission of germs. Keeping a clean work environment is helpful in germ control by cleaning contaminated surfaces with the proper cleaning solution. Females of Childbearing Age You need to check with your OB-GYN to determine risk factors if you are pregnant or plan on becoming pregnant. The doctor is the expert who knows what might be harmful to the baby. Remember to always wear gloves and wash your hands frequently when dealing with children with a fever, cold or flu symptoms, general malaise, a rash, when changing a diaper, or when exposed to blood or body fluids (vomit, urine, etc.). Resources For a complete copy of the regulatory text of the OSHA standards, please go to the following link at the U. S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration site: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document? p_table=FEDERAL_REGISTER&p_id=16265 For a copy of the Rutherford County Schools Exposure Control Plan, please go to the RCS web site and visit the Health Services page. Important Concussion Information RCS has started an initiative to identify students with a concussion that may have happened during the school day, from after schools sports or during any activity. What is a concussion? Brain injury that changes how the cells in the brain normally work. Caused by a blow to the head or body that causes the brain to move rapidly inside the skull. Concussion Facts A concussion is a brain injury. All concussions are serious. Concussions can occur without a loss of consciousness. Concussions can occur in any sport. Recognition and proper care when they first occur can help prevent further brain injury. Concussion (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury) Sometimes are difficult to diagnose. Computed Tomography (CT) Scans often appear normal. Often detected by those who knew the person prior to injury (can detect subtle changes). Symptoms may include changes in memory, mood and personality. Approximately 75% of all brain injuries are Mild. Most people fully recover. Symptoms Reported by Student Headache/pressure in head Nausea/vomiting Balance problems, dizziness Vision changes Sensitivity to light, noise Inability to stay focused in class Does not appear engaged in class when usually is an active participant What Can You Do to Help? – Be aware that symptoms may not show up until the student has to focus in class, especially if the injury happened over the weekend. So your observation is very important. – Send the student to the school nurse if he/she has any of the symptoms that may signal a concussion, especially not staying focused in class if they are generally an active participant in class. If you are interested in more information about concussions, please contact your school nurse or go to the RCS homepage and view the Concussion PowerPoint on the Health Services site. Be sure to sign the log provided by your supervisor documenting that you have viewed this training presentation. See your school nurse with any questions.