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SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
History
The areas affected by SARS
Outbreak in south China.
Spread to other countries
and regions.
Identification of virus.
Containment.
Outbreak in south
China
The first clue of the outbreak appears to be 27
November 2002 when Canada's Global Public
Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN),picked up
reports of a "flu outbreak" in China through
Internet media monitoring and analysis and sent
them to the WHO.
Subsequent to this, the WHO requested
information from Chinese authorities on 5 and 11
December.
In early April, after Jiang Yanyong pushed to
report the danger to China, there appeared to be
a change in official policy when SARS began to
receive a much greater prominence in the official
media.
Spread to other countries and
regions
Local transmission of SARS took place in Toronto,
Ottawa, San Francisco, Ulaanbaatar, Manila,
Singapore, Taiwan, Hanoi and Hong Kong whereas
within China it spread to Guangdong, Jilin, Hebei,
Hubei, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Tianjin, and Inner
Mongolia.
Probable cases of SARS by country, 1 November 2002 – 31 July 2003.
Country or Region
Cases
SARS cases dead due to
other causes
Deaths
Fatality (%)
Canada
251
44
0
18
China (Mainland) *
5,328
349
19
6.6
China (Hong Kong) *
1,755
299
5
17
China (Macau) *
1
0
0
0
Taiwan **
346
37
36
11
Singapore
238
33
0
14
Vietnam
63
5
0
8
United States
27
0
0
0
Philippines
14
2
0
14
Mongolia
9
0
0
0
Kuwait
1
0
0
0
Republic of Ireland
1
0
0
0
Romania
1
0
0
0
Russian Federation
1
0
0
0
Spain
1
0
0
0
Switzerland
1
0
0
0
South Korea
4
0
0
0
Total
8273
775
60
9.6
(*) Figures for the People's Republic of China exclude the Special Administrative Regions (Macau SAR, Hong Kong SAR), which are reported separately by the WHO.
(**) Since 11 July 2003, 325 Taiwanese cases have been 'discarded'. Laboratory information was insufficient or incomplete for 135 discarded cases; 101 of these patients died.
Source:WHO.[15]
Identification of virus
Containment
The World Health Organization declared severe acute respiratory
syndrome contained on 9 July 2003. In the year after, SARS made
the occasional appearance. There were four cases spotted in
China in December 2003 and January 2004. As well, three
separate laboratory accidents resulted in infections; in one case,
an ill lab worker spread the virus to several other people. The
precise coronavirus that caused SARS is gone or mostly contained
within different BSL-4 laboratories for research much like Smallpox,
but different coronaviruses remain circulating in the wild, like
MERS, the Common Cold and gastroenteritis.
The first discovered
place
Shunde
Foshan
Guangdong
China
Symptoms
Initial symptoms are flu-like and may include fever, myalgia,
lethargy symptoms, cough, sore throat, and other nonspecific
symptoms.
The only symptom common to all patients appears to be a fever
above 38 °C (100 °F). Shortness of breath may occur later.
The patient has symptoms as with a cold in the first stage, but later
on they resemble influenza.
SARS may occasionally lead to pneumonia, either direct viral
pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia.
Diagnosis
Any of the symptoms, including a fever of 38 °C (100 °F) or
higher.
Contact (sexual or casual, including tattoos) with someone
with a diagnosis of SARS within the last 10 days.
Travel to any of the regions identified by the World Health
Organization (WHO) as areas with recent local transmission
of SARS (affected regions as of 10 May 2003 were parts of
China, Hong Kong, Singapore and the town of Geraldton,
Ontario, Canada).
A
chest
X-ray
showing increased
opacity in both
lungs, indicative of
pneumonia, in a
patient with SARS.
Contract
SARS is caused by a member of the coronavirus family of
viruses (the same family that can cause the common
cold).
When someone with SARS coughs or sneezes, infected
droplets spray into the air.
While the spread of droplets through close contact caused
most of the early SARS cases, SARS might also spread
by hands and other objects the droplets has touched.
Prognosis
Several consequent reports from China on some recovered
SARS
patients
showed
severe
long-time
sequelae(complication) exist.
The most typical diseases include, among other things,
pulmonary fibrosis, osteoporosis, and femoral necrosis,
which have led to the complete loss of working ability or
even self-care ability of these cases.
As a result, some of the post-SARS patients suffer from
major depressive disorder.
[12]
Treatment
Antibiotics are ineffective, as SARS is a viral disease.
Treatment of SARS is largely supportive with antipyretics,
supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation as needed.
Suspected cases of SARS must be isolated, preferably in negative
pressure rooms, with complete barrier nursing precautions taken for
any necessary contact with these patients.
As of 2015, there is no cure or protective vaccine for SARS that is
safe for use in humans. The identification and development of novel
vaccines and medicines to treat SARS is a priority for governments
and public health agencies around the world.
Prevention
Hand hygiene is the most important part of SARS
prevention. Wash your hands or clean them with an
alcohol-based instant hand sanitizer.
Cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough.
Droplets that are released when a person sneezes or
coughs are infectious.
DO NOT share food, drink, or utensils.
Clean commonly touched surfaces with an EPA-approved
disinfectant.
Vaccines (antibiotics)
There is no vaccine to date.
Annual influenza vaccinations and 5year pneumococcal vaccinations may
be beneficial.
But vaccinations only reduce or weaken
the severity of SARS infection.
Future
I think for now, SARS had been contained.
But some felt that SARS could easily return.
“ Through world-wide scientific collaboration
the medical community has made much
process in unraveling its enigma, though much
more needs to be discovered. ”
Are we likely to ever cure
SARS ?
Yes, we are !!! ( hope !!! )
Caro Urbani
Italian epidemiologist
Carlo Urbani was the
first
person
who
identified SARS as a
highly
contagious
disease.
He worked as an infectious disease expert in World
Health Organization’s office in the Vietnamese
capital, Hanoi, and warned WHO against this
deadly disease.
As a result of his early warning, millions of lives
around the world were saved.
But sadly, while treating SARS infected patients,
Dr. Urbani became infected with the virus himself,
and later on died due to its complications.
He was the first person who documented the
transmission of Schistosoma mansoni.
Besides being an epidemiologist, Carlo Urbani
was a passionate photographer, an expert ultralight airplane pilot, and a good organist.
Liu jianlun
On February 21, Liu Jianlun, a 64-year-old Chinese doctor
who had treated cases in Guangdong arrived in Hong Kong
to attend a wedding.
Although he had developed symptoms on February 15, he
felt well enough to travel, shop, and sight-see with his
brother-in-law.
On February 22, he sought urgent care at the Kwong Wah
Hospital and was admitted to the intensive care unit.
He died on March 4.
There were 8, 098
confirmed cases of SARS
from November 2002 to
July 2013, with 774
deaths.
Question 1: What’s the history of SARS ? ( 4
parts ）
Question 2: Where was it first discovered ?
Question 3: What’s the only symptom
common to all patients ?
Question 4: Which vaccinations may be
beneficial to SARS patients ?
Question 5: Which people related to SARS (
this article mentions ) ? Why ?
Question 6: How many people dead ?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respirator
y_syndrome#Epidemiology
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007
192.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16830006
http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/carlourbani-594.php