Download Pathophysiology

Epidemiology
Concepts and Terms
Homeostasis
Define
 Major systems
 Communication
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Holistic View
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Health vs. Disease
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Wellness Model (health focus)
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Awareness
Education
Growth
Treatment Model (disease focus)
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Signs
Symptoms
Disability
Death
Definitions
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Pathogen
Disease
Morbidity
Mortality
Symptoms
Signs
Etiology
Pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Microbiotica
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Normal
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Resident
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Transient
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Competition
Immune
Opportunistic
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Acquired 1st months of life
Lifetime population
Immune suppression
Change in competition
Change site of residence
Pathogens
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Contamination
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Food
Air
Water
Infection
Ecological Fitness
Immune Defense
Portals of Entry
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Skin
Mucous Membranes
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Open body cavities
Placenta
Parenteral
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SC
IM
IV
Adhesion
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Adhesion factors
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Protein ligands
Examples
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Binding
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Glycoproteins
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Fimbria
Flagella
Glycocalyx
Mannose
Galactose
Each other = Biofilms
Avirulence
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No adhesion factors
No binding
Disease Process
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Incubation
Prodromal
Illness
Decline
Convalescence
Pathogenicity
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Virulence Factors
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Plasmids
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Extracellular enzymes
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Resistance to Ab
Coagulase
Hemolysins
Toxins
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Exotoxins
 Cytotoxin
 Neurotoxin
 Enterotoxin
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Endotoxins = Lipid A
Avoid phagocytosis
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Capsules
Motility
Change lysosome fxn
Increased WBC destruction
Toxins
Sequella to Injury
Portals of Exit
Sources of Disease
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Reservoirs
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Animals
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Zoonotic
Human carriers
Nonliving
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Soil
Water
Food
Host Life Cycles
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Life Cycle
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Hosts
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L1
L3
Adult
Definitive
Intermediate
Secondary
Incidental
Dead-End
Stages
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Infectious
Diagnostic
Transmission of Disease
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Contact
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Vehicle
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Direct
Indirect (Fomites)
Droplet
Air
Food
Water
Body fluids
Vector
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Mechanical
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Flies
Roaches
Biological
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Lice
Mosquitoes
Ticks
Lyme Disease
Classification of Disease
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Stages
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Types
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Communicable
Contagious
Non-communicable
Source
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Acute
Chronic
Subacute
Latent
Primary
Secondary
Region
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Local
Systemic
Focal
Disease Diagnosis
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5 Components
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Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Outcome
“COPE”
Koch’s Postulates
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1) Pathogen for every disease
2) Isolate and grown in pure
culture
3) Cause disease in healthy
susceptible host
4) Reisolate pathogen from
experimental host
Exceptions
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Culture issues (temp, pH, O2)
Multifactoral causes
Ethical concerns (primates)
Epidemiological Approaches
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Descriptive
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Analytical
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Disease data
Koch’s Postulates
Retrospective
Experimental
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Testing hypothesis
Epidemiology
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Epidemiology
 Define
 Factors
 Predisposing
 Precipitating
 Questions
 Where, When, How, Why,
and Who
 Related Terms
 Frequency
 Incidence
 Prevalence
 Outcomes
 Morbidity
 Mortality
 Geography
 Endemic
 Epidemic
 Pandemic
 Sporadic
Herpes D Virus (HDV)
Hospital
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Nosocomial
Sources
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Exogenous
Endogenous
Iatrogenic
CDC Reportable Diseases (examples)
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Viral /Bacterial
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HIV
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Anthrax
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Influenza
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Pertussis, Diphtheria
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TB, Leprosy
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Botulism, Tetanus
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Hepatitis
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E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella
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STDs
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Cholera
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Mumps, Measles, Rubella
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Legionella
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Small Pox
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Tularemia
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Toxic Shock
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Leptospirosis
Vector Borne
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Lyme
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Plague
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RMSF
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Ehrlichia
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Malaria, Yellow Fever
Zoonotic
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Rabies
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Brucellosis
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Cryptosporosis
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Toxoplasmosis
Public Health Groups
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CDC
WHO
US Departments
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Agriculture
Health
Biohazard Risk Groups
Major Etiologic Categories
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Genetic
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Acquired
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Sickle Cell Anemia
CF
MD
Hemophilia A
Infectious
Traumatic
Iatrogenic
Nosocomal
Multifactoral
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CAD
DM
Cancer
Congenital Heart Disease
Hypertension
Emphysema
Various Classification of Disease
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Anatomical
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Developmental (age)
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Organ
System
Neonatology
Pediatrics
Adolescent
Adult
Geriatrics
Etiological
Etiology, DAMNIT ! (DAMNIT-V)
D = Degenerative, Developmental
 A = Anomaly, Accident, Autoimmune
 M = Metabolic, Mechanical, Mental
 N = Neoplasia, Nutrition, Neurological
 I = Infectious, Immune, Iatrogenic,
Idiopathic, Inherited, Inflammatory,
Ischemic
 T = Trauma, Toxins, Toxicities
 V = Vascular
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My Possible Problem List
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Location
Gross
Histological
Physiological
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Remember: DAMNIT-V
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Clinical Manifestations
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Symptoms /Syndrome
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Signs
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Patient Report
Subjective
Related Terms:
Prodromal, Insidious,
Latent
Health care exam
Observable phenomena
Objective
Diagnostic Criteria
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Laboratory results
Imaging
Biopsy
Digital Thermal Imaging
Medical Records
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S
O
A
P
Outcome
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Expected
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Prognosis
Actual
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Cure
Remission
Exacerbation
Complication
Sequella
Palliative
Death
Stress
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Define
Stressor examples
 Positive
 Negative
 Types
 Major
 Minor
 Symptoms
GAS
 Alarm (ANS)
 Resistance (H-P-A axis)
 Exhaustion (+ feedback)
Stress Related Disorders
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Immune: Autoimmune, Neoplasia
Cardiovascular: HT, CAD, Dysrhythmias
Respiratory: Asthma, URTI, TB
Renal: Interstitial cystitis
Neurologic: Depression, MS, Headache
GI: Diarrhea, IBS, Eating Disorders
Endocrine: DM, Hyperthyroidism
Reproductive: Infertility
Musculoskeletal: RA, SLE, Chronic Fatigue
Integumentary: Eczema, Acne, Urticaria, Herpes
Adaptation
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Define
AKA
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Compensatory mechanisms
Homeostatic Mechanisms
Control Systems
Regulatory systems
Homeostatic Control and
Feedback
Limits
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Energy use
Efficient (overshoot,
undershoot)
Effective (prolonged response
 change feedback)
De-stress
Sleep
 Exercise
 Diet
 Medical Check-ups
 Energy
 Attitude
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Stressed is Desserts spelled backwards!