Download Bloodborne Pathogens

BLOODBORNE
PATHOGENS
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What Are
Bloodborne
Pathogens?
 Bloodborne
pathogens are microorganisms
such as viruses or bacteria that are carried
in blood and can cause disease in people
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Bloodborne
Diseases
 HIV:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
causes AIDS - no cure or vaccination
 HBV: Hepatitis B virus causes liver
disease - vaccination available
 Non-A or Non-B Hepatitis
 Syphilis
 Malaria
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HBV Or
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver - most common bloodborne
disease
 Is transmitted primarily through "blood to blood" contact
 Symptoms range from flu-like to none at all
 No symptoms - person is infectious and can spread the
disease. Can survive in dried blood for up to seven days
 Hepatitis infects about 300,000 people in USA annually
 Can lead to serious conditions such as cirrhosis
& liver cancer

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HBV
Symptoms
 Mild
flu-like symptoms
 Fatigue
 Possible stomach pain
 Loss of appetite
 Nausea
 Jaundice
 Darkened urine
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Hepatitis B
Vaccinations
Employees who have routine exposure to
bloodborne pathogens shall be offered the
Hepatitis B vaccine series at no cost unless:
 They
have previously received the vaccine series
 Antibody testing has revealed they are immune
 The vaccine is contraindicated for medical
reasons
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Vaccination
Process
 Series
of three shots.
 2nd shot is given one month after the 1st
 3rd shot follows 5 months after the 2nd.
This series gradually builds up the body's
immunity to the Hepatitis B virus.
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HIV or AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
 Attacks
the body’s immune system and
weakens it, preventing it from fighting other
diseases
 35,000 people are infected annually
 An infected person may carry the virus for
years before symptoms appear
 No cure and no vaccine at present
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HIV & Direct
Contact
 The
HIV virus is very fragile and will not
survive very long outside of the human
body. It is primarily of concern to
employees providing first aid or medical
care in situations involving fresh blood or
other potentially infectious materials.
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Means Of
Transmission
 Sexual
contact with an infected partner
 Sharing infected needles
 Accidentally cutting yourself with a sharp
object that is contaminated
 Infected blood or body fluid on skin with open
cuts, sores
 Getting contaminated blood or body fluid in
eyes, mouth
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Protect
Yourself
Universal Precautions
 Treat all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious
 Skin protects from pathogens - cuts, dermatitis, chapping,
small cracks allow germs to enter the body
 First aid - use gloves, have as little contact as possible
with blood or body fluids
 Wash hands with antibacterial soap after contact
 After contact, flush eyes and face with fresh water
for several minutes

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Clean-up And
Housekeeping
 After
an accident, the entire area must be
cleaned with disinfectant
 Cleaning equipment must be disinfected
 Wear gloves while cleaning, apron or goggles if
appropriate
 Restrict access to the area
 Use disposable towels - dispose of properly
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Other Exposure
Hazards
Cleaning surfaces contaminated with blood, vomit feces
 ALWAYS wear gloves and protective apron or clothing
 Be alert for sharp objects, broken glassware, used
syringes in trash
 Do not pick up broken glass - use brush or broom &
dustpan
 Dispose of glass, sharp objects safely
 Laundry - bloody or contaminated linens or
sharp objects

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Signs & Labels
Warning labels must be placed on
containers of regulated waste,
refrigerators and freezers
containing blood or other
potentially infectious material; and
other containers used to store,
transport, or ship blood or other
potentially infectious materials.
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Regulated
Waste
 Any
liquid or semi-liquid blood or other
potentially infectious materials.
 Contaminated items that would release
blood or other potentially infectious
materials in a liquid or semi-liquid state
if compressed.
 Items that are caked with dried blood or
other potentially infectious materials
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Emergencies
 In
an emergency situation, always use Universal
Precautions
 Minimize your exposure by wearing
 Gloves
 Splash goggles
 Pocket mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation masks
 Other barrier devices
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Common Sense
Rules
 Wash
hands & remove protective clothing
before eating, drinking, smoking, handling
contact lenses, or cosmetics
 Use antibacterial soap
 Keep hands away from eyes, nose, mouth
while cleaning
 Frequent hand washing is best defense
against spreading infection
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If You Are
Exposed
 Wash
the exposed area
thoroughly with soap and
running water.
 Use non-abrasive,
antibacterial soap
 Flush mouth, nose, eyes for 15
minutes if blood is splashed in
mucous membranes
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Other Actions
If Exposed
 Report
the exposure to your
supervisor
 Fill out an exposure report
form
 Request blood testing &
Hepatitis B vaccination
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PPE
The best protection against exposure is to
ensure you are wearing the appropriate
personal protective equipment (PPE). For
example, you may have noticed that
emergency medical personnel, doctors,
nurses, dentists, dental assistants, and other
health care professionals always wear latex or
protective gloves. To protect yourself, it is
essential to have a barrier between you and
the potentially infectious material.
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Rules To
Follow:
Treat all blood or potentially infectious body fluids
as if they are contaminated.
 Always wear personal protective equipment in
exposure situations.
 Replace PPE that is torn or punctured.
 Remove PPE before leaving the work area.
 Properly disinfect or dispose of used PPE
 Wash hands immediately after removing PPE

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Gloves
Gloves should be made of latex, nitril, rubber, or
other water impervious materials.
 Inspect gloves before use
 Double gloving can provide an additional layer of
protection.
 If you have cuts or sores on your hands, you
should cover these with a bandage or similar
protection as an additional precaution before
donning your gloves.
 Don’t touch the outside of used gloves

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Other PPE
 Use
goggles if there is a risk of
splashing or vaporization of
contaminated fluids
 Face shields provide additional
face protection for the nose and
mouth.
 Aprons protect
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Contaminated
Clothing
 Remove
clothing that is contaminated
with blood as soon as possible
 Use Universal Precautions when
handling contaminated laundry
 Place clothing in approved & labeled
bags or containers
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Summary
 Protect
yourself on and off the job - know the
facts
 Practice good personal hygiene
 Use gloves and protective clothing
 Wash your hands often, after work or
exposure
 Keep areas clean - report problems
immediately to supervisors
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