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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Answer Key
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1
Epidemiology
•Is TB on the increase or decrease in the
US?
• Decrease
•What US populations have the highest
number of reported cases per year?
• Foreign populations
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2
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
(TB)
•What is TB?
• A slow growing bacteria that effects the
respiratory tract of humans
•What other areas of the body can be
affected by this bacteria?
• Bone
• Brain
• Kidney
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3
TB Growth
•What happens after the bacteria have
entered the body?
• They begin to grow in the alveoli (small air
sacs) of the lungs and then spread
throughout the lung and body
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4
Incubation
•What is the usual incubation period?
• 2-6 weeks for TB infection
• Up to 2 years for TB disease (highest risk)
•What does a positive skin test mean?
• Bacteria is in body, but not contagious
•How contagious is a person showing
symptoms?
• Highly contagious
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5
Testing
•Name the types of testing for TB:
• Tine Test
• PPD (purified Protein Derivative)
•Describe the PPD Test:
• The skin of the forearm is injected with
•
•
Tuberculin, and it is checked in three days
for a possible reaction.
No reaction=negative test
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Reaction=positive
test
6
Transmission
•How is it transmitted?
• Inhalation of the infectious airborne
•
particles or droplet nuclei
Infectious particles are carried in the air
after an infected individual speaks, coughs,
sneezes, or certain medical procedures are
performed.
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7
Particles
•What are these particles called?
• Droplet nuclei
•What is the size of the particles?
• 1-5 micron sized droplets
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8
Respirator
•What is a respirator?
• A personal protective device that removes
air contaminants such as dust, mists, and
aerosols from ambient air.
•Who has to approve the respirator, and
what efficiency should it be?
• NIOSH
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9
AFB Isolation
•What does AFB stand for?
• Acid Fast Bacilli
•What are the requirements of an AFB
isolation room?
• Warning signs
• Must be maintained under negative
•
pressure
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Exhaust air away from air intakes
10
Filters
•Describe a HEPA filter, and state its
use-
• High Efficiency Particulate Air filter
• Used to filter air for recirculation in an AFB
isolation room
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11
Settings at Risk
•What type of setting have a higher risk
for TB?
• Health care settings
• Correctional institutions
• Homeless shelters
• Long-term care facilities for the elderly
• Drug treatment centers
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12
Ferris State University Michigan Department of Career Development
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