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The Toddler With a Major Illness
Chapter 19
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Sensory/Neurologic Disorders
• Eye conditions
– Cataracts
– Glaucoma
– Strabismus
– Eye injury and foreign objects in the eye
– Eye infections
– Nursing care for the child undergoing eye
surgery
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Sensory/Neurologic Disorders (cont.)
• Insertion of foreign bodies into the ear or nose
• Drowning
– Second leading cause of accidental death in children
• Head injuries
– Primary cause varies with age:
o Fall or child abuse: toddlers and young children
 MVAs, bicycling, in-line skating: school-age
children and adolescents
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Respiratory Disorders: Croup Syndromes
• Spasmodic laryngitis
• Acute laryngotracheobronchitis
• Epiglottitis
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Respiratory Disorders: Cystic Fibrosis
• Clinical manifestations
– Pancreatic involvement
– Pulmonary involvement
– Other organ involvement
• Diagnosis: sweat chloride test
• Treatment
• Complications arise from respiratory infections
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Nursing Process for the
Child With Cystic Fibrosis
• Assessment
• Nursing diagnoses
• Outcome identification and planning
• Implementation
• Evaluation
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Cardiovascular Disorders:
Kawasaki Disease
• Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node
syndrome)
– Clinical manifestations
– Diagnosis
– Treatment and nursing care
• Cause by infectious agent
• Major concern is development of cardiac
involvement
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Cardiovascular Disorders:
Kawasaki Disease (cont.)
• Stages of disease
– Acute
– Subacute
– Convalescent
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Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Celiac syndrome: the complex of malabsorptive
disorders
• Ingestion of toxic substances
– Emergency treatment
– Treatment steps in order of importance
• Lead poisoning (plumbism)
– Sources
• Ingestion of foreign objects
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Integumentary Disorders: Burns
• Major causes: hot liquids, fire, and electricity
• Types:
– Superficial or first-degree burns
– Partial-thickness or second-degree burns
– Full-thickness or third-degree burns
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Treatment of Burns
• Emergency treatment
– Superficial burns
– Partial- and full-thickness burns
– Hypovolemic shock occurs within the first
48 hours after a burn
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Scalding Burns
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Full-Thickness Burns
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Treatment of Moderate to Severe Burns:
First Phase (48 to 72 Hours)
• Airway
• Intravenous fluids
• Oral fluids
• Urine output and diuresis
• Infection control
• Wound care
• Grafting
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Burns
• Complications
• Long-term care
• Nursing process: see Nursing Care Plan 19.1
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Psychosocial Disorders
• Autism
– Clinical manifestations
– Diagnosis
– Treatment goals:
o Promotion of normal development
o Language development
o Social interaction
o Learning
– Nursing care
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