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HIV/AIDS
Senior High Health
What does HIV/AIDS stand for?
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HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
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AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome)
What causes HIV/AIDS?
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The human immunodeficiency virus causes HIV
infection and AIDS. People who are infected with
this virus may not have any symptoms and may
not realize they have become infected.
Definition of HIV

HIV is a retrovirus that infects and kills the
CD4+ T cells of the human immune
system. As CD4+ T cells are destroyed,
the immune system fails, leading to AIDS.
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CD4+ cells are a type of white blood cell that help
our bodies fight infection
Definition of AIDS
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People with HIV with a CD4+ T cell count
below 200 mL of blood or 14% of all
lymphocytes.
HIV Statistics
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CDC estimates between 800,000 and 900,000 U.S. residents
are living with HIV.
Of those people, approximately one-third of them are
unaware of their infection.
40,000 new HIV infections occur every day worldwide, with
half occurring in people under the age of 25.
AIDS is the 6th leading cause of death among 15-24 year olds
and their infection is usually the result of sexual behavior.
Two teenagers an hour become infected with HIV in the
United States.
New York State has the greatest number of AIDS cases with
194,341
Even without NYC, New York ranks in the top 7 states.
There are 23 AIDS cases in Cortland County.
Only 10% of people infected with HIV tell their partners about
it.
Body Fluids Which Transmit HIV
1+1=2
YES
Blood
Semen
Vaginal Fluids
Breast milk
NO
Urine
Feces
Vomit
Saliva
Tears
Sweat
How is HIV/AIDS Contracted?

Vaginal and anal secretions
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Semen
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Blood (IV drug use/blood transfusion)
 Do
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we need to worry about blood transfusions today?
Mother to child (breast milk/labor)
You Can Not Get HIV From…
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Closed-mouth kissing
Hugging
Touching, holding, or shaking hands
Coughing or sneezing
Sharing food or eating utensils
Sharing towels or combs
Sharing bathroom facilities or water fountains
How HIV progresses into AIDS:
WINDOW
PERIOD
ASYMPTOMATIC SYMPTOMATIC
AIDS
STAGE 1: WINDOW PERIOD
Point of infection
 Takes 1-3 months for antibodies to show
up on an HIV test
 A person in the window period would test
negative even though are actually positive
 Can infect another person
 Person looks and feels fine
 T-cells are approximately 1000 per
milliliter of blood

Stage 2: ASYMPTOMATIC
Stage lasts three months after infection to
approximately 10 years after infection
 Immune system is under attack
 T-cells are being destroyed
 Person still looks and feels fine
 Experiencing no symptoms of sickness
 Can infect another person
 T-cells are approximately 1000-500 per
milliliter of blood

Stage 3: SYMPTOMATIC
Typically three years to ten years after
infection, a person will develop symptoms
of HIV
 Immune system is still being destroyed
 Person begins to feel sick: weight loss,
fatigue, diarrhea, night sweats, vomiting
 Can still infect another person
 Person’s t-cell count drops to
approximately 500-200 per milliliter of
blood

People who have HIV symptoms experience one
or more of the following:
 flu-like
symptoms
 swollen glands
 diarrhea
 night sweats
 weight loss, fatigue
 yeast infections
 pneumonia
 cancer
Stage 4: AIDS
When T-cell count drops below 200 per
milliliter of blood, a person is diagnosed
with AIDS
 A person typically becomes infected with
opportunistic diseases like: Karposi’s
sarcoma (cancer of blood vessels) or
pneumosystic pneumonia, AIDS dementia
 A person dies from the opportunistic
disease, not from AIDS
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What is an opportunistic infection?
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HIV does not cause death directly. Instead, it weakens
the body's ability to fight disease. Infections which are
rarely seen in those with normal immune systems are
deadly to those with HIV.
People with HIV can get many infections (called
opportunistic infections). Many of these illnesses are
very serious, and they need to be treated. Some can be
prevented
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Examples of opportunistic infections: Pneumonia, Influenza
HIV Testing
Who should get tested?
 Anyone who has:
had unprotected sex
shared needles
had a blood transfusion before 1985
had sex or shared needles with someone
engaging in the above behaviors
 When should you get tested?
 1-3 months after a risky behavior
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Types of HIV tests
Traditional blood test
-Confidential- results are kept in a
confidential file; no one but your doctor
should see this file unless you give
consent.
-Anonymous- your name does not go on
the file, a number is recorded instead.
 Home HIV test kits
 Ora-sure rapid HIV test
 Ora-quick rapid HIV test
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Treatment
There are 30 antiretroviral drugs approved by the Food and
Drug Administration to treat people infected with HIV.
These drugs fall into four major classes.
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Reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors interfere with the critical
step during the HIV life cycle known as reverse transcription.
During this step, RT, an HIV enzyme, converts HIV RNA to HIV
DNA. There are two main types of RT inhibitors.
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Nucleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitors are faulty DNA building blocks.
When these faulty pieces are incorporated into the HIV DNA (during
the process when the HIV RNA is converted to HIV DNA), the DNA
chain cannot be completed, thereby blocking HIV from replicating in
a cell.
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Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors bind to RT, interfering with its ability to
convert the HIV RNA into HIV DNA.
Treatment Continued…
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Protease inhibitors interfere with the protease enzyme
that HIV uses to produce infectious viral particles.
Entry and fusion inhibitors interfere with the virus'
ability to fuse with the cellular membrane, thereby
blocking entry into the host cell.
Integrase inhibitors block integrase, the enzyme HIV
uses to integrate genetic material of the virus into its
target host cell.
Multidrug combination products combine drugs from
more than one class into a single product.
Protection
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Abstinence
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Latex condoms
How To Reduce Your Risk…
EDUCATION
 Monogamous relationship
 Fewer sex partners
 Engage in sexual activities at an older age
 Avoid drug use
 Communication with partner
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Race/ethnicity of persons
(including children) with
HIV/AIDS diagnosed during 2006
www.cdc.gov
Age of persons with
HIV/AIDS diagnosed
during 2006
Sex of adults and adolescents with
HIV/AIDS diagnosed during 2006
www.cdc.gov
Transmission categories of adults and adolescents
with HIV/AIDS diagnosed during 2006
www.cdc.gov
Adults and Children Estimated
Living with HIV (2007)
AIDS 2007 Statistics Facts and Figures
www.kff.org
HIV/AIDS Timeline
http://www.kff.org/hivaids/timeline/hivtimeline.cfm
The AIDS Memorial Quilt:
Represents lives taken from AIDS
Celebrities that died from AIDS
Celebrities Living with HIV
Magic Johnson
Where to go for information or
testing
Jacobus Center
 Planned Parenthood
 Gynecologist
 Urologist
 Regular Physician
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