Download Brain Notes - Science for Monks

How Do We Know What We Know?
Neuroscience Methods
Tools for Viewing Brain Structure
Neuroanatomy
• Cell Body Staining
• Tract (Myelin) Staining
• Tract Tracing
• Immunocytochemistry
Tools for Viewing Brain Function
Neurophysiology
Where can signals be
recorded?
Channels
“Patch Clamp”
Inside
Outside
Many
“Intracellular”
“Extracellular”
“Mass Unit”
Tools for Viewing Brain Function
Neurophysiology
Where can signals be
recorded?
1 = EEG
2 = ECoG
3 = Intracranial
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3
x
Tools for Viewing Brain Function
Neurophysiology
Where can signals be
recorded?
• Patch Clamp Recording
• Intracellular Recording
• Extracellular Recording
• Mass Unit Recording
• Evoked Potentials
• Electrocorticography (ECoG)
• Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Emotiv Demo
Brain Imaging
• Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan)
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Brain Imaging
CT scan
• Also called a CAT scan
• Computerized axial tomography
• X-ray of brain tissue
• Shows brain structure
Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity
PET scan
• Positron Emissions Tomography
• Patients drinks radioactive glucose and image shows
areas of brain activity.
Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity
MRI
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Exposes brain to magnetic field
• Shows brain structure
Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity
fMRI
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Functional MRI
Uses magnetic field
Detects blood flow changes
Not harmful
Shows brain structure and activity
Behavioral Neuroscience
• Stereotaxic Surgery
• Lesion Production/Injury
• Electrical Brain Stimulation
• Microinjection
Injury – Clinical Findings
Paul Broca and “Tan”
Injury – Clinical Findings
Phineas Gage
Brain Mapping
Finding out what each part of the brain does
Electrical Brain Stimulation
Also:
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation