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Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Chapter 20, part 2 The Heart PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Frederic H. Martini Fundamentals of Heart chambers and valves • Structural Differences in heart chambers • The left side of the heart is more muscular than the right side • Functions of valves • AV valves prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria • Semilunar valves prevent backflow into the ventricles from the pulmonary trunk and aorta Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.7 Structural Differences between the Left and Right Ventricles Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.7a-c Figure 20.8 Valves of the Heart Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.8a Figure 20.8 Valves of the Heart Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.8b Connective Tissues • Connective tissue fibers of the heart • Provide physical support and elasticity • Distribute the force of contraction • Prevent overexpansion • The fibrous skeleton • Stabilizes the heart valves • Physically isolates atrial from ventricular cells Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Supply to the Heart • Arteries include the right and left coronary arteries, marginal arteries, anterior and posterior interventricular arteries, and the circumflex artery • Veins include the great cardiac vein, anterior and posterior cardiac veins, the middle cardiac vein, and the small cardiac vein Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.9 Coronary Circulation Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.9a, b Figure 20.9 Coronary Circulation Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.9c, d SECTION 20-3 The Heartbeat Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cardiac Physiology • Two classes of cardiac muscle cells • Specialized muscle cells of the conducting system • Contractile cells Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.11 An Overview of Cardiac Physiology Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.11 The Conducting System • The conducting system includes: • Sinoatrial (SA) node • Atrioventricular (AV) node • Conducting cells • Atrial conducting cells are found in internodal pathways • Ventricular conducting cells consist of the AV bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers PLAY Animation: Heart flythrough Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.12 The Conducting System of the Heart Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.12 Impulse Conduction through the heart • SA node begins the action potential • Stimulus spreads to the AV node • Impulse is delayed at AV node • Impulse then travels through ventricular conducting cells • Then distributed by Purkinje fibers Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.13 Impulse Conduction through the Heart PLAY Animation: Cardiac Activity Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.13 The electrocardiogram (ECG) • A recording of the electrical events occurring during the cardiac cycle • The P wave accompanies the depolarization of the ventricles • The QRS complex appears as the ventricles depolarize • The T wave indicates ventricular repolarization Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.14 An Electrocardiogram Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.14a Figure 20.14 An Electrocardiogram Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.14b
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