Download Internal elastic lamina

MEDIUM-SIZED VEIN
‫ االورده‬: ‫ثالثا‬
‫لحجم المتوسط فقط‬
• Thickness of the wall: thinner ‫ انحف‬than the
accompanying ‫ المصاحب‬- ‫ المالزم‬artery.
• T. Intima: no internal elastic lamina
• T. Media:
– Thinner than T. Adventitia ‫عكس ما سبق‬
– Consists of:
• Fewer SMCs.
• Collagen fibers and fibroblasts
• T. Adventitia: thicker than T. Media
MUSCULAR ARTERIES
(Medium-sized a, Distributing a)
• Examples: brachial ‫الذراعي‬, ulnar ‫الزندي‬, renal.
• Microscopic structure:
1. T. Intima.:
– Endothelium.
– Subendothelial C.T. layer.
– Internal elastic lamina:
• Is prominent ‫واضح‬.
• Displays an undulating ‫ متموج‬surface. ‫انظر الصوره‬
• Occasionally it is duplicated (bifid ‫ مقسوم لفلقتين‬internal elastic
lamina).
MUSCUALR ARTERIES (Cont.)
2. T. Media.:
A. Smooth muscle cells:
are the predominant ‫ واضح‬component.
A. In between there are:
•
•
•
Elastic fibers.
Type III collagen fibers.
Type I collagen fibers.
B. External elastic lamina: may be identifiable
3. T. Adventitia.: loose fibroelastic C.T
‫ تحتوي‬: vasa vasorum.
VALVES OF VEINS
• Valve of a vein is composed of 2 leaflets ‫بوابتين‬
• Each leaflet has a thin fold of the T. Intima.
• Components:
– Endothelium
– Core of C.T.
ELASTIC ARTERIES
‫اوال الشرايين‬
• Examples: aorta, common carotid a., subclavian
a., common iliac aa, pulmonary Trunk.
• Microscopic structure:
1. T. Intima.:
*Endothelium.
*Subendothelial C.T.
*Internal elastic lamina:
(not prominent ‫)ليس واضح‬
‫مهمه‬
ELASTIC ARTERIES (Cont.)
2. T. Media.: it consists of:
A. Fenestrated ‫ ذو نوافذ‬elastic
membranes (sheets) (lamellae‫)عده طبقات‬:
•
The main component of T.M.
A. In between, there are:
1. Smooth muscle cells: are
less abundant & secrete
all other components in T.M.
1. Collagen fibers (type I collagen).
2. Reticular fibers (type III collagen).
3. Elastic fibers.
B. External elastic lamina
ELASTIC ARTERIES (Cont.)
3. T. Adventitia.:
– Much thinner ‫ انحف‬than T.M.
– It is composed of loose fibroblastic C.T.
– Contains vasa vasorum → send branches to the
outer part of T.M.
Heart
‫الطبقه االولى‬ENDOCARDIUM
1- Endothelium: simple squamous epith.
2- Subendothelial C.T. layer
3- Dense C.T. layer
4- Subendocardial layer:
Loose C.T. layer that contains Purkinje fibers ‫الياف‬
‫صغيره الحجم تستخدم لتوصيل االشارات االنقباضيه‬
‫للبطينات‬small blood vessels
& nerves.
It attaches to the
endomysium of the
cardiac muscle.
‫الطبقة الثانية‬MYOCARDIUM
• It is the middle layer
• It is the most thick layer
• It contains cardiac muscle cells with
endomysium (loose C.T.)
‫الطبقة الخارجيه‬EPICARDIUM
(Visceral layer of pericardium ‫مهمه)تعتبر جزء من الـ‬
• ‫من الخارج‬Mesothelium: simple squamous
epith.
• Subepicardial C.T. layer:
Loose C.T. contains the coronary vessels ‫التي‬
‫تغذي القلب‬, nerves, ganglia & fat cells ‫تخزن الدهون‬
‫في هذه الطبقه‬.
HEART VALVES
(CARDIAC VALVES)
• Each leaflet ‫( جزء قسم‬cusp) of heart valve is formed of:
(1) A core of Dense irregular C.T.:
extends from the fibrous skeleton of the heart.
(2) This core is covered by: Endocardium ‫مهمه جدا‬
• The leaflets of the heart valves are normally
AVASCULAR ‫ال تحتوي اوعيه دمويه‬.
• Blood capillaries and smooth muscle cells can be
found only in the base (the root) of the leaflet.
: RESPIRATORY REGION (AREA) OF NASAL CAVITY
‫نفس‬
nasal septum
MUCOSA (MUCOUS MEMBRANE):
(A) Epithelium:
Pseudo-stratified ‫ طبقي كاذب‬ciliated columnar epithelium with
goblet cells (Respiratory epithelium)
(B) Lamina propria ( Subepithelial C.T.): contains:
1- Large arterial plexuses ‫ & شبكه‬venous sinuses
(Highly vascularized C.T.)
3- Many seromucous ‫تنتج سائل شبيه بالماء‬glands (acini).
4- Abundant lymphoid elements:
Including occasional lymphoid nodules, plasma cells & mast cells.
LARYNX
(A) Mucosa:
1- Epithelium: (2 types)
a- Respiratory epithelium:
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
with goblet cells.
b- Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium:
In: ‫ يوجد فقط في‬-Vocal folds.
- Superior surface of epiglottuis
2- Lamina propria.
LARYNX
(A) Mucosa (cont.):
There are 2 pairs of shelf-like mucosal folds:
1- Vestibular folds:
Are immovable ‫غير متحرك‬.
L/M: a- Respiratory epithelium.
b- Lamina propria:
Loose C.T. with seromucous glands
lymphoid elements & adipose cells.
2- VOCAL FOLDS (CORDS): have:
a- Epithelium: non keratinized stratified squamous.
b- Lamina propria.
c- Vocal ligament: bundles of parallel
elastic fibers (dense regular elastic C.T.).
b- Vocal muscle: Skeletal muscle.
N.B. No lymphoid nodules,
No seromucous glands.
(B) Cartilages:
1- Hyaline cartilages:
Thyroid, ‫تفاحه ادم‬
Cricoid,
Body of arytenoids.
2- Elastic cartilages:
Epiglottis, ‫لسان المزمار‬
Corniculate,
Cuneiform,
Tips of arytenoids.
(C) Extrinsic and intrinsic muscles: all are skeletal .
(D) Ligaments.
Trachealis muscle
(bundle of SMF)
MUCOSA OF TRACHEA
(1) Epithelium: Respiratory epithelium:
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
with goblet cells.
(2) Lamina propria:
Loose, fibroelastic C.T. containing:
a- Lymphoid elements
(e.g. lymphoid nodules & lymphocytes).
b- Mucous & seromucous glands.
(3) Elastic lamina:
Dense layer (thick bundle) of elastic fibers.
It separates lamina propria from submucosa.
N.B. Mucosa is non-folded except posteriorly.
SUBMUCOSA OF TRACHEA
Contents:
1- Dense irregular fibroelastic C.T.
2- Numerous mucous & seromucous glands.
3- Lymphoid elements.
4- Rich blood & lymph supply.
N.B. Other textbooks reported that submucosa
of trachea is loose C.T.
ADVENTITIA OF TRACHEA
Contents:
1- Fibroelastic C.T.
2- C-shaped rings (10-12) of hyaline cartilage.
Trachealis muscle (bundle of SMF) connects
the open ends of each C-shaped ring of cartilage.
Perichondrium of C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
are connected together by dense fibroelastic C.T.
‫اذا طلب اسم العضو فهو رئه‬
‫ولكن اذا حدد فالتفاصيل مكتوبه‬
INTRAPULMONARY BRONCHUS
(1) Mucosa:
It has longitudinal ‫ طولي‬mucosal folds. ‫القصبه الهوائيه ال‬
‫يوجد بها فولد‬
a- Epithelium: Respiratory epith.
b- L.P.: (Lamina propria) ‫يتكون من‬
Fibroelastic C.T.
(loose C.T. rich in elastic fibers).
It contains seromucous glands.
“ “
lymphoid elements.
N.B. No elastic lamina ‫الدكتور يقول كلمه ( نو ) معناها سؤال‬
‫يعني ركز عليها – عكس التراكيا التي يوجد بها هذا التركيب‬.
INTRAPULMONARY BRONCHUS
(2) Muscle coat (complete):
Two distinct ‫ مختلفتين‬layers of SMF ( smooth muscle
fibers ) spirally ‫ حلزوني‬arranged in opposite
direction
(crisscrossing ‫ متقاطعه‬bundles of spirally arranged
smooth muscle fibers “SMF”).
(3) Submucosa:
C.T. contains:
a- Seromucous glands.
b- Lymphoid elements.
INTRAPULMONARY BRONCHUS
(4) Adventitia:
Contents: a- Loose C.T.:
Contains radially arranged elastic fibers to
connect with counterparts of neighboring
bronchial tree.
b- Irregular plates of hyaline
cartilage (complete layer).
c- Solitary ‫ حزمه مفرده‬lymphoid nodules.
Preterminal Bronchioles
(1) Mucosa: has longitudinal folds:
A- Epithelium:
1- Simple ciliated columnar epith ‫مهمه جدا معرفه نوع‬
‫االبيثيلويم النه محل مقارنه النه سوف يتغير في التراكيب القادمه‬. with
occasional goblet cells (in larger preter. br.).
2- ‫مهمه‬: ‫ تركيب الجزء االخير منها‬Simple cuboidal mostly
ciliated with
occasional Clara cells BUT NO goblet
cells (in smaller preter. bronchioles).
B- Lamina propria: Fibroelastic C.T. (rich in elastic Fs.)
(2) Smooth muscle: 2 helically arranged SM layers.
(3) Adventitia: loose fibroelastic C.T.
N.B ‫مهمه جدا جدا‬. No cartilage, No seromucous glands, No lymph
noduLes.
Terminal Bronchioles
Similar structure to preterminal. bronchioles,
but:
Epithelium:
Simple cuboidal partially ciliated epithelium
With Clara cells. ‫مثل تركيب الجزء االخير من السابقه‬
N.B. Are less than 0.5mm in diameter.
N.B. Each supplies lung acinus ‫كييس‬.
Respiratory Bronchioles
Are similar in structure to terminal bronchiolesBut:
their walls are interrupted by the presence
of few pulmonary alveoli.