Download Appendix E - Cardiovascular and Circulatory Systems

PowerPoint to accompany
Essentials of Medical Language
Allan, Lockyer
Chapter 6:
Cardiovascular and Circulatory Systems
The Essentials of the Language of
Cardiology
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6-1
Cardiovascular and
Circulatory Systems
Lesson 6.1: The Heart
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6-2
The Heart
• Location of the heart
–size
–shape
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6-3
Abbreviations
• Define the following abbreviations:
– CPR
– CVT
– ECG
– EKG
– SOB
– STAT
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6-4
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements:
– cardi
– electr
– pulmon
– thorac
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6-5
Word Analysis and Definition
• The following terms relate to the structure
of the heart; identify their prefixes.
– endocardium
– myocardium
– epicardium
– pericardium
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6-6
Word Analysis and Definition
• Change the following terms into the
adjective form and define them:
– endocardium
– fibrosis
– ischemia
– necrosis
– pericardium
endocardial
fibrotic
ischemic
necrotic
pericardial
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6-7
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following terms related to the
blood flow through the heart:
– atrium
– ventricle
– septum
– bicuspid
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6-8
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the prefix, root, and suffix of the
following terms and define them:
– interatrial
inter- atri-al
– interventricular
inter- ventricul- -ar
– semilunar
semi- lun- -ar
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6-9
Abbreviations
• Define the following abbreviations:
– AV
– IV
– O2
– CO2
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6-10
The Heartbeat
• The actions of the four heart chambers are
coordinated.
– systole
– diastole
– stethoscope
– murmur
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6-11
The Heartbeat
• Electrical properties of the heart
– electrocardiogram
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6-12
Word Analysis and Definition
• Explain the difference between the
following sets of terms:
– atrial and ventricular
– bradycardia and tachycardia
– sinus rhythm and arrhythmia
– systole and diastole
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6-13
Cardiovascular and
Circulatory Systems
Lesson 6.2: Disorders of the Heart
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6-14
Disorders of the Heart
• Abnormal heart rhythms
– common arrhythmias
1. premature beats
2. atrial fibrillation
3. ventricular tachycardia
4. ventricular arrhythmia
5. heart block
6. palpitations
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6-15
Disorders of the Heart
• Abnormal heart rhythms
– pacemakers
– implantable defibrillator
– automatic external
defibrillator
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Rick Brady
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6-16
Word Analysis and Definition
•
Give the term based on the provided
definition:
– forced rapid beat of the heart
palpitation
– restoration of a normal heart rhythm by
electric shock.
cardioversion
– uncontrolled quivering of the heart
fibrillation
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6-17
Abbreviations
• Define the following abbreviations:
– AED
– ICD
– PVC
– A-fib
– V-fib
– V-tach
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6-18
Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart valve
– heart valve malfunction
1. stenosis
2. incompetence
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6-19
Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart
– artificial heart valves
1. prosthetic
2. tissue
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6-20
Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart wall
1. endocarditis
2. myocarditis
3. pericarditis
4. cardiomyopathy
5. cor pulmonale
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6-21
Word Analysis and Definition
• What relationship do the following sets of
terms have?
– pericarditis and tamponade
– incompetence, insufficiency, and
regurgitate
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6-22
Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart
– coronary artery disease
1. angina pectoris
2. myocardial infarction
3. cardiogenic shock
4. cardiac arrest
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6-23
Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart
– coronary artery disease
1. risk factors
• KEYNOTE: All these risk factors, except
heredity and age, can be reduced by
changes in lifestyle.
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6-24
Abbreviations
• Define the following abbreviations:
– CAD
– ASHD
– MI
– NTG
– PNB
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6-25
Word Analysis and Definition
• Describe the differences in the following
sets of terms:
– occlude and perfuse
– sublingual and substernal
– arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
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6-26
Disorders of the Heart
• Disorders of the heart
– hypertensive heart disease
– congestive heart failure
– congenital heart disease
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6-27
Disorders of the Heart
• Congenital heart disease
1. atrial septal defect
2. ventricular septal defect
3. patent ductus arteriosus
4. coarctation of the aorta
5. tetralogy of Fallot
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6-28
Word Analysis and Definition
•
Identify the word elements and define the
following terms:
– hypertension
– hypotension
– prehypertension
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6-29
Word Analysis and Definition
•
Identify the following abbreviations:
– ASD
– VSD
– CHD
– CHF
– Hg
– HTN
– PDA
– SOB
– TOF
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6-30
Cardiologic Investigations and
Procedures
• Blood tests
– lipid profile
• cholesterol
• lipoprotein (HDL and LDL)
• triglycerides
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6-31
Cardiologic Investigations and
Procedures
• Diagnostic tests
– electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
– cardiac stress testing
– echocardiography
– Holter monitor
– ambulatory blood pressure monitor
– magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
– cardiac catheterization
– coronary angiogram
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6-32
Cardiologic Investigations and
Procedures
• Treatment procedures
– thrombolysis
– percutaneous transluminal coronary
– angioplasty
– stent placement
– coronary artery bypass surgery
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6-33
Cardiologic Investigations and
Procedures
• Treatment procedures
– cardioversion
– defibrillation
– heart transplant
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6-34
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements:
– ech/o
– cutan/e
– thromb/o
– glycer
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6-35
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following suffix elements:
– gram
– plasty
– ize
– ous
– tic
– ide
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6-36
Cardiovascular and
Circulatory Systems
Lesson 6.3: Circulatory Systems
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6-37
Word Analysis and Definition
• Describe the difference between the
following sets of terms:
– artery vs. vein
– angiogram vs. venogram
– pulmonary circulation vs. systemic
circulation
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6-38
Circulatory System
• Functions of the circulatory system
– transport
– maintain homeostasis
– regulate blood pressure
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6-39
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements:
– brachi
– ven/a
– palpat
– capill
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6-40
Word Analysis and Definition
• Where in the body would you find the
following vessels?
– radial artery
– temporal artery
– cartoid artery
– femoral artery
– brachial artery
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6-41
Circulatory Systems
• Circulatory disorders
– disorders of veins
© Dr. P. Marazzi / Photo Researchers Inc.
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6-42
Circulatory Systems
• Circulatory disorders
– disorders of arteries
1. aneurysm
2. thromboangiitis obliterans
3. Raynaud disease
4. carotid artery disease
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6-43
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the root elements and then define
the term:
lateral
– collateral
arter
– endarterectomy
phleb
– phlebotomist
scler
– sclerose
edema
– edematous
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6-44