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Medical Terminology for Health Professions
Ann Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder
7th Edition
The Cardiovascular System
Chapter 5
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Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,
and Functions of the Cardiovascular System
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Heart
• Primary Function
– Pumps blood into the arteries
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– card/o, cardi/o
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Anterior External View of the Heart
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Anterior Cross-Section of the Heart
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The Chambers of the Heart
• Atria: the two upper chambers of the heart
– Chambers divided by interatrial septum
• Ventricles: the two lower chambers of the heart
– Chambers divided by interventricular septum
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Valves of the Heart
• Tricuspid valve: controls the opening between
the right atrium and the right ventricle
• Pulmonary semilunar valve: located between
right ventricle and pulmonary artery
(continues)
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Valves of the Heart
• Mitral valve: located between left atrium and
left ventricle
• Aortic semilunar valve: located between left
ventricle and aorta
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Blood Vessels
• Primary Function
– Transport blood to and from all areas of the body
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– angi/o, vas/o
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Arteries
• Primary Function
– Transport blood away from the heart to all
body parts
• Related Word Parts (Combining Form)
– arteri/o
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Capillaries
• Primary Function
– Permit the exchange of nutrients and waste
products between the blood and the cells
• Related Word Parts (Combining Form)
– capill/o
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Veins
• Primary Function
– Return blood from all body parts to the heart
• Related Word Pats (Combining Forms)
– phleb/o
– ven/o
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Blood
• Primary Function
– Brings oxygen and nutrients to the cells
– Carries away waste
• Related Word Pats (Combining Forms)
– hem/o, hemat/o
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Major Fluid and Formed Components of Blood
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
•
angi/o
– blood or lymph vessel
•
aort/o
– aorta
•
arteri/o
– artery
•
ather/o
– plaque, fatty substance
(continues)
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• brady– slow
• cardi/o
– heart
• -crasia
– a mixture or blending
• -emia
– blood, blood condition
(continues)
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• erythr/o
– red
• hem/o, hemat/o
– blood, relating to the blood
• leuk/o
– white
• phleb/o
– vein
(continues)
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• tachy– fast, rapid
• thromb/o
– clot
• ven/o
– vein
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Questions
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Question
If you are a universal donor, your blood group
is type O.
True or False?
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Answer
True
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Question
What percentage of a person’s body weight
is blood?
a. 10%
b. 7%
c. 20%
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Answer
b. 7%
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Question
Women have on average 10% more red blood
cells than men.
True or False?
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Answer
False. Men have an average of 10% more
red blood cells than women.
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Question
An individual blood cell takes about 60 seconds
to make a complete circuit of the body.
True or False?
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Answer
True
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Answers to Learning Exercises
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Chapter 5 Answers
Matching Word Parts 1
5.1. aort/o
5.2. arteri/o
5.3. ather/o
5.4. angi/o
5.5. brady-
Matching Word Parts 2
5.6. -emia
5.7. cardi/o
5.8. -crasia
5.9. erythr/o
5.10. ven/o
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Chapter 5 Answers
Matching Word Parts 3
5.11. leuk/o
5.12. phleb/o
5.13. tachy5.14. thromb/o
5.15. hem/o
Definitions
5.16. leukocytes
5.17. sinoatrial node
5.18. coronary
5.19. eosinophils
5.20. mitral
5.21. right ventricle
5.22. thrombocytes
5.23. embolus
5.24. left ventricle
5.25. neutrophils
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Chapter 5 Answers
Matching Structures
5.26. heart
5.27. myocardium
5.28. epicardium
5.29. endocardium
5.30. pericardium
Which Word?
5.31. lipoprotein cholesterol
5.32. bradycardia
5.33. ventricular
5.34. systolic
5.35. duplex ultrasound
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Chapter 5 Answers
Spelling Counts
5.36. aneurysm
5.37. hypoperfusion
5.38. arrhythmia
5.39. Raynaud’s
5.40. cardioverter
Abbreviation Identification
5.41. coronary artery disease
5.42. electrocardiogram
5.43. atrial fibrillation
5.44. myocardial infarction
5.45. ventricular fibrillation
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Chapter 5 Answers
Term Selection
5.46. septicemia
5.47. beta-blocker
5.48. megaloblastic
5.49. antihypertensive
5.50. endocarditis
Sentence Completion
5.51. serum
5.52. thrombocytopenia
5.53. carotid endarterectomy
5.54. valvular prolapse
5.55. nitroglycerin
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Chapter 5 Answers
Word Surgery
5.56. aneurysm/o, -rrhaphy
5.57. a-, plast, -ic
5.58. electr/o, cardi/o, -graphy
5.59. poly-, arter, -itis
5.60. valv/o, -plasty
True/False
5.61. False
5.62. True
5.63. True
5.64. False
5.65. True
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Chapter 5 Answers
Clinical Conditions
5.66. hemangioma
5.67. thrombosis
5.68. varicose
5.69. angina
5.70. orthostatic hypotension
5.71. myelodysplastic syndrome
5.72. electrocardiogram
5.73. cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
5.74. thrombolytic
5.75. ischemic heart disease
Which Is the Correct
Medical Term?
5.76. atheroma
5.77. hemostasis
5.78. phlebitis
5.79. dyscrasia
5.80. aneurysmectomy
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Chapter 5 Answers
Challenge Word Building
5.81. arteritis
5.82. angiectomy
5.83. phlebostenosis
5.84. pericardiectomy
5.85. cardiorrhaphy
5.86. phleborrhexis
5.87. angiorrhaphy
5.88. cardiorrhexis
5.89. pericardiorrhaphy
5.90. angionecrosis
Labeling Exercises
5.91. vena cava
5.92. atrium
5.93. ventricle
5.94. artery
5.95. veins
5.96. semilunar
5.97. tricuspid
5.98. aorta
5.99. aortic
5.100. mitral
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