Download Document

Copyright Notice!
This PowerPoint slide set is copyrighted by Ross Koning
and is thereby preserved for all to use from
plantphys.info for as long as that website is available.
Images lacking photo credits are mine and, as long as
you are engaged in non-profit educational missions, you
have my permission to use my images and slides in your
teaching. However, please notice that some of the images
in these slides have an associated URL photo credit to
provide you with the location of their original source within
internet cyberspace. Those images may have separate
copyright protection. If you are seeking permission for use
of those images, you need to consult the original sources
for such permission; they are NOT mine to give you
permission.
The “blood” of
a grasshopper
contains a
greenish
hemocyanin
rather than the
red hemoglobin
for oxygen
transport.
The “blood”
reenters the
circulation
system via the
ostia for
anterior flow.
Circulation is not for
gas exchange; uses
trachea system.
Body movement
increases rate when
more nutrients are
needed.
Seems inefficient for an active animal!
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
In insects such as this grasshopper, circulation is an open system
Hemolymph Circulation in Dorsal Vessel of Insects
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cq--zXVc8Ww
Lumbriculus variegatus : California mudworm
This is an aquatic oligochaete annelid
Mouth feeds in sediments
Tail extends toward water surface for gas exchange
Body walls nearly transparent for easy observation
For example: may count pulses of blood in dorsal vessel
http://scied.fullerton.edu/VIDA/VIDAImages/U2M5Lumbriculus
/F00005.html
http://www.westminster.net/faculty/cobler/Lumbriculus%20variegatus.jpg
aortic arch
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
Circulation in Lumbricus terrestris (showing just the left arches)
What is NOT shown well in this cartoon? Gas exchange!
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
Evolution of circulation systems among vertebrate classes
Two capillary beds
means slower flow,
but gills are efficient
Incomplete separation of two sides
or BIRD
means mixing blood of different quality.
Homeotherms!
Amphibians have skin exchange and
reptiles have laminar flow.
See Fig 45.22 pg 920
Respiratory/Circulatory Systems
Ventilation system
Fig 45.1 Page 903
gas exchange
muscular pump
glucose control
nitrogenous waste
gas exchange
nutrient exchange
blood cell
replacement
absorbing nutrients
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
Circulation system in mammal (Homo sapiens)
Blood movement within the four-chambered heart of vertebrates
return from body
…to lung
semilunar valve
tricuspid valve
…from lung
semilunar valve
mitral valve
Note: arteries take blood away from the heart…veins return to heart
The difference is NOT about whether the blood is oxygenated or not!
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
…to body
2
Atria contract: ventricles filled,
valves close
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
Heart relaxes: atria filled by
1 system pressure
3
LUB
DUB!!
Ventricles contract: blood
sent to lungs and body
4
Heart relaxes: system
pressure closes valves
atrial contraction
“LUB”
and Purkinje fibers
ventricular
contraction
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
initial instrinsic
stimulus from
“pacemaker”
“DUB”
Frog Lab Exercise: neural and intrinsic control
The sounds are the slamming of valves…contraction is silent!