Download Development of heart

Development of circulatory system
1. Establishment of primitive cardiovascular system
2. Development of heart
(1)
(2)
(3)
Formation of primitive heart
Establishment of configuration of heart
Compartmentation of heart
3. Blood circulation of fetus
4. Abnormality of circulatory system
Establishment of primitive
cardiovascular system
 Development of blood vessel
First: extraembryonic
Second: endoembryonic
1. Extraembryonic (15th to 16th day)
Endothelial
tubule
Extraembryonic mesoderm
(Yolk sac)
Blood
island
(periphery)
Endothelial
tubular
meshwork
Primitive
blood cells
(center)
Extraembryonic mesoderm
Body stalk, Chorion
Endothelial
tubular
meshwork
2. Endoembryonic (18th to 20th day)
Endoembryonic
mesoderm
Endothelial
tubular
meshwork
Endothelial
tubule
(Mesenchyme)
3. The end of 3rd week
Endoembryonic
Body stalk
Extraembryonic
Communication
Primitive cardiovascular system
Formation of blood island and blood vessel
Extraembryonic
mesoderm
Primitive
blood cells
Endothelium
Development of primitive heart

Formation of primitive heart
Pericardiac
coelom 2
Cardiogenic
region
（dorsal）
Cardiac
tube 2
Head
fold
Cardiogenic
plate 2
（Ventral）
18th-19th
day
Fusion
Cardiac
tube 1
Cardiac
tube 2
Fusion
Pericardiac
coelom 2
Pericardiac
coelom 1
Head fold:
Pericardiac coelom: dorsal → ventral
Cardiac tube: ventral → dorsal
Lateral fold:
Pericardiac coelom: 2 → 1
Cardiac tube: 2 → 1
Foregut
Pericardiac
coelom
Cardiac
tube
2
1
Dorsal
mesocardium
Cardiac
tube
Cardiac
jelly
3
Myocardium
4
Establishment of configuration of heart
(4th to 5th week)
Straight tube
（21th day）
2 shrink
Bulbus cordis —Ventricle— Atrium—Sinus venosus
Pericardial
fixation
U-shaped
bulboventricular loop
S-shaped
Heart rudiment
(35th day)
Pericardiac
fixation
Distal：slightness, truncus arteriosus
Bulbus
cordis
Middle：dilation, bulbus arteriosus cordis
Proximal：primitive right ventricle
Ventricle
Cardiac
tube
Atrium
Left horn
Sinus
venosus
Right horn
Bulboventricular
Protruding to right, ventral and tail
loop
Establishment of configuration of heart
Truncus
arteriosus
Ventricle
Atrium
Bulbus
cordis
Establishment of configuration of heart
Compartmentation of heart
27-37th day
1.Compartmentation of atrioventricular tube
Ventral
endocardiac
cushion
Right
atrioventricular
tube
Atrioventricular
tube
Dorsal
endocardiac
cushion
Left
atrioventricular
tube
Compartmentation of primitive atrium
( 4th to 5th week)
 Septum primum: end of 4th week
Foramen primum：
Foramen secundum:
 Septum secundum: end of 5th week
Foramen ovale:
Valve of foramen ovale:
Forming
foramen
secundum
Septum primum
Foramen primum
Right atrium
Septum
secundum
Right
ventricle
Foramen
secundum
Foramen
ovale
Left atrium
Closing
foramen
primum
Valve of
forasmen
ovale
Left
ventricle
Compartmentation of primitive atrium
Compartmentation of primitive ventricle
( 4th to 8th week)
 Muscular interventricular septum：end of 4the week
Interventricular foramen:
 Membranous interventricular septum: end of 7th week
Three origins: left, right bulbar ridge and
endocardiac cushion
Forming
foramen
secundum
Septum primum
Foramen primum
Interventricular
foramen
Muscular
interventricular
septum
Septum
secundum
Foramen
secundum
Foramen
Right
ovale
ventricle
Membranous
interventricular
septum
Left atrium
Closing
foramen
primum
Valve of
foramen
ovale
Left
ventricle
Development of heart (6th week)
Muscular
interventricular
septum
Formation of membranous septum
Right bulbar ridge
Aortico-pulmonary
septum
Left bulbar ridge
Interventricular
foramen
Endocardiac cushion
Muscular
interventricular
septum
Membranous
interventricular
septum
Compartmentation of truncus arteriosus
and bulbus cordis (5th to 8th week)
Inner part
of truncus
arteriosus
and bulbus
cordis
Fusion
Aorta
Bulbar ridge
Aorticopulmonary
septum
(Spiral)
（Spiral ）
Left,
right
Pulmonary
artery
Right bulbar ridge
Left bulbar ridge
Aorticopulmonary
septum
Development of heart (6th week)
Bulbar
ridge
Compartmentation of truncus
arteriosus and bulbus cordis
Aortico-pulmonary septum
Right pulmonary artery
Aorta
Aortico-pulmonary septum
Blood
circulation
of fetus
Venous
ductus
Arterial
ductus
 Characteristics
Umbilical vessels－－2 A , 1 V
3
Ductus－－A ductus、V ductus
2
Foramen－－Foramen ovale
1
Alterations after birth
①Foramen ovale atresia
②Umbilical vessels atresia
③V ductus atresia
④A ductus atresia
Abnormality of circulatory system
１. Atrial septal defect
２. Ventricular septal defect
３. Abnormal compartmentation of truncus arteriosus
４. Patent ductus arteriosus
１. Atrial septal defect
Unclosed foramen ovale
Reasons：
①
Perforation of foramen ovale
②
Over absorption of septum primum
③
Undeveloped septum secundum
④
①
②
③
④
=② + ③
２. Ventricular septal defect
②Muscular septal defect: sparsely
① Membranousr septal defect: commonly
Reasons:
① Unfused endocardial cushion,
bulbar ridge and muscular septum
② Over absorption of membranous
septum
Interventricular
foramen
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Abnormal compartmentation of truncus arteriosus
①Incorrectly positioned of aorta
and pulmonary artery
Aorta
Reasons:
No spiral
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
artery
Left ventricle
Abnormal compartmentation of truncus arteriosus
②Narrow of aorta or
pulmonary artery
Narrow pulmonary artery
Reasons:
Unequal
compartmentation
of aorta and
pulmonary artery
Abnormal compartmentation of truncus arteriosus
③Tetralogy of Fallot
Narrow pulmonary artery, ventricular septal defect, aorta
stride and right ventricle hypertrophy
Reasons:
Unequal compartmentation
of aorta and
pulmonary artery
Roght ventricle
Left ventricle
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ductus
arteriosus
remains
open
Right
positioned
heart