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Properties of Real Numbers
The properties of real numbers
allow us to manipulate expressions
and equations and find the values
of a variable.
Number Classification
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Natural numbers are the counting numbers.
Whole numbers are natural numbers and zero.
Integers are whole numbers and their opposites.
Rational numbers can be written as a fraction.
Irrational numbers cannot be written as a
fraction.
All of these numbers are real numbers.
Number Classifications
Subsets of the Real Numbers
Q - Rational
I - Irrational
Z - Integers
W - Whole
N - Natural
Classify each number
-1
6
real, rational, integer
real, rational, integer, whole,
natural
real, irrational
1
2
0
-2.222
real, rational
real, rational, integer, whole
real, rational
Properties of Real Numbers
Commutative Property
• Think… commuting to work.
• Deals with ORDER. It doesn’t matter
what order you ADD or MULTIPLY.
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a+b = b+a
4•6=6•4
Properties of Real Numbers
Associative Property
• Think…the people you associate
with, your group.
• Deals with grouping when you
Add or Multiply.
• Order does not change.
Properties of Real Numbers
Associative Property
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(a + b) + c = a + ( b + c)
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(nm)p = n(mp)
Properties of Real Numbers
Additive Identity Property
• s + 0 = s
Multiplicative Identity Property
• 1(b) = b
Properties of Real Numbers
Distributive Property
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a(b + c) = ab + ac
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(r + s)9 = 9r + 9s
Name the Property
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5=5+0
5(2x + 7) =
10x + 35
8•7=7•8
24(2) = 2(24)
(7 + 8) + 2 = 2 +
(7 + 8)
Additive Identity
Distributive
Commutative
Commutative
Commutative
Name the Property
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7 + (8 + 2) = (7 + 8) + 2
1 • v + -4 = v + -4
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(6 - 3a)b =
6b - 3ab
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4(a + b) =
4a + 4b
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Associative
Multiplicative
Identity
Distributive
Distributive
Properties of Real Numbers
Reflexive Property
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a+b=a+b
The same expression is written
on both sides of the equal sign.
Properties of Real Numbers
Symmetric Property
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If a = b then b = a
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If 4 + 5 = 9 then 9 = 4 + 5
Properties of Real Numbers
Transitive Property
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If a = b and b = c then a = c
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If 3(3) = 9 and 9 = 4 +5,
then 3(3) = 4 + 5
Properties of Real Numbers
Substitution Property
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If a = b, then a can be
replaced by b.
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a(3 + 2) = a(5)
Name the property
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5(4 + 6) = 20 + 30
5(4 + 6) = 5(10)
5(4 + 6) = 5(4 + 6)
If 5(4 + 6) = 5(10) then
5(10) = 5(4 + 6)
5(4 + 6) = 5(6 + 4)
If 5(10) = 5(4 + 6) and
5(4 + 6) = 20 + 30 then
5(10) = 20 + 30
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Distributive
Substitution
Reflexive
Symmetric
Commutative
Transitive