Download Religions Review - Seaford School District

Religions
UNIVERSALIZING RELIGION
Attempt to be global, to appeal to all people
wherever they may appear in the world
EHTNIC RELIGION
Definition
Appeals primarily to one group of people living in
one place
Examples
62% of world
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Sikhism
Baháí
Precise places
Based on events in life of a man
24% of world
Hinduism
Confucianism
Daoism/Taoism
Shintoism
Judaism
Origin
Unknown or unclear origins
Not tied to historic individuals
Diffusion
Diffused from their specific hearth to other regions
Typically remain clustered in one location
of the world
Holy Places
Cities and other places associated with the founder’s Derive from distinctive physical environment, such
life
as mountains, rivers or rock formations
Calendar/Holidays
Holidays relate to the events in the life of the
Holidays based on physical geography of the
founder
homeland, changing of seasons (holidays more
clustered)
Top Religions in the World
1.Christianity
2.Islam
3.Hinduism
4.Buddhism
5.Sikhism
Top Universalizing Religions
1.Christianity
2.Islam
3.Buddhism
4.Sikhism
5.Baháí
Top Ethnic Religions
1.Hinduism
2.East Asia (Confucianism,
Shintoism, Daoism)
3.Judaism
4. Animism
Origin
Give specific examples for each type of religion. Name the religion first and then describe the feature.
Universalizing
Ethnic
Diffusion
Universalizing
Ethnic
Holidays/Calendar
Holy Places
Universalizing
Ethnic
Universalizing
Ethnic
Which religions dispose their dead through burial practices in cemeteries? Christianity, Islam
Which religion is known for cremation? Hinduism
Definition
Hierarchical Religion: has a well-defined geographic Local Autonomous Religion: self-sufficient,
structure and organizes territories into local
interaction among communities is confied to little
administrative unites
more than loose cooperation and shared ideas
Example
Islam
Protestant
Roman Catholicism
Latter-Day Saints
Conflicts Among Religions: Religion versus Government Policy
Taliban vs. Western
Values
Hinduism vs. Social
Equality
description
example
Religion vs. Social Change
example
Islam in Central Asian
countries
Buddhism in Southeast
Asia
description
Religion vs. Communism
Eastern Orthodox
Christianity in Russia
Taliban (“religious students”) took control of Afghanistan
government in 1990s. Follow strict laws inspired by Islamic values
(Islamic fundamentalism). Attempt to make Afghanistan a pure
Islamic state and ban anything Western, non-Islamic
Hinduism follows rigid class structure under the caste system.
Pressures to adjust the castes and discriminate less against lower
castes led to a recent easing of the caste system
Czar Peter the Great made Eastern Orthodox Religion a part of the
state government in Russia. After Bolshevik Revolution, the
communist government banned religions and confiscated church
property. Fall of the Soviet Union saw some religious revival
Countries that were former parts of USSR are made up mostly of
Muslims. These newly independent countries are struggling to
determine the extent to which laws should be rewritten to conform
to Islamic custom rather than to the secular tradition of USSR
Buddhism has suffered due to Vietnam War. Buddhist shrines
destroyed by US air raids and vandalized by Vietnamese and
Communists. Buddhists protested by burning themselves alive. The
current Communist governments have discouraged religious
activities
Conflict Among Religions: Religions versus Religion
Two Religious Groups:
Description of Conflict
Two Religious Groups:
Description of Conflict
Religious Wars in Northern Ireland
Roman Catholics (most of Ireland)
Protestants (ties to United Kingdom)
Northern Ireland is still a part of the United Kingdom and is made up of 57%
Protestant and 42% Roman Catholic. Protestant preferred to be part of United
Kingdom and Roman Catholics were loyal to Ireland. Roman Catholics in Northern
Ireland have been victimized by discriminatory practices, such as exclusion from
higher paying jobs and better schools. Extremists disrupt daily life and peaceful
settlements seem to be difficult.
Religious Wars in Middle East
Muslims (Arabs)
Jews (Israelis)
Muslims and Jews are fighting over the holy land of Palestine. Both have
historical ties to the region. Jews originated in the region of Jerusalem and have
since been forced out. Through conquest Muslims under took over the land and
held control under the Ottoman Empire. After WWII, the UN took control of the
region and designated land for Jews to return to their holy land. In 1947, the UN
partitioned Palestine into an Arab and Jewish state. After the creation of Israel,
fighting occurred immediately over the territory. Conflicts over the Gaza Strip,
Sinai Peninsula and city of Jerusalem continued for decades. Though some
efforts at peace were reached, there is still conflict in the region.