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OBJECTIVES
After studying Chapter 3, the reader should be able to:
1. Prepare for ASE Electrical/Electronic Systems
(A6) certification test content area “A” (General
Electrical/Electronic System Diagnosis).
2. Define electricity.
3. Explain the units of electrical measurement.
4. Discuss the relationship among volts, amperes,
and ohms.
5. Explain how magnetism is used in automotive
applications.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
• Our universe is composed of matter, which is
anything that has mass and occupies space.
– The smallest particle that an element can be broken into
and still retain the properties of that element is known as
an atom.
• Electricity is the movement of electrons from one
atom to another.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
FIGURE 3-1 In an atom (left), electrons orbit protons
in the nucleus just as planets orbit the sun in our solar
system (right).
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Positive and Negative Charges
• The parts of the atom have
different charges.
– The orbiting electrons are
negatively charged, while the
protons are positively
charged.
– Neutrons have no charge at
all.
FIGURE 3-2 The nucleus of an atom
has a positive () charge and the
surrounding electrons have a negative ()
charge.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Positive and Negative Charges
• In a normal, or balanced,
atom, the number of
negative particles equals
the number of positive
particles.
– The number of neutrons
varies according to the type
of atom.
FIGURE 3-3 A balanced atom.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Positive and Negative Charges
• The positive and negative
charges within an atom are
like the north and south
poles of a magnet.
– Charges that are alike will
repel each other, similar to
the poles of a magnet.
FIGURE 3-4 Unlike charges attract and like
charges repel.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Positive and Negative Charges
• When an atom is not
balanced, it becomes a
charged particle called an
ion.
• Ions try to regain their
balance of equal protons
and electrons by
exchanging electrons with
neighboring atoms.
FIGURE 3-5 An unbalanced, positively
charged atom (ion) will attract electrons from
neighboring atoms.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Electron Shells
• Electrons orbit around the
nucleus in definite paths.
• These paths form shells,
like concentric rings,
around the nucleus.
FIGURE 3-6 The hydrogen atom is the simplest
atom, with only one proton, one neutron, and one
electron. More complex elements contain higher
numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Free and Bound Electrons
• The outermost electron shell or ring, called the
valence ring, is the most important to our study of
electricity.
– When the valence ring has five or more electrons in it, it is
fairly full.
– The electrons are held tightly, and it is hard for a drifting
electron to push its way into the valence ring.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Free and Bound Electrons
• These tightly held electrons
are called bound
electrons.
FIGURE 3-7 As the number of
electrons increases, they occupy
increasing energy levels that are
further from the center of the atom.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Free and Bound Electrons
FIGURE 3-8 Electrons in the outer orbit, or shell,
can often be drawn away from the atom and
become free electrons.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Conductors
• Conductors are materials
with fewer than four
electrons in their atom’s
outer orbit.
FIGURE 3-9 A conductor is any
element that has one to three electrons
in its outer orbit.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Conductors
FIGURE 3-10 Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity
because it has just one electron in its outer orbit, making it
easy to be knocked out of its orbit and flow to other nearby
atoms. This causes electron flow, which is the definition
of electricity.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Insulators
• Insulators are materials
with more than four
electrons in their atom’s
outer orbit.
FIGURE 3-11 Insulators are elements
with five to eight electrons in
the outer orbit.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Semiconductors
• Materials with exactly four
electrons in their outer orbit
are neither conductors nor
insulators and are called
semiconductor materials.
FIGURE 3-12 Semiconductor elements
contain exactly four electrons in the outer
orbit.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
How Electrons Move Through a Conductor
• If an outside source of power, such as a battery, is
connected to the ends of a conductor, a positive charge
(lack of electrons) is placed on one end of the conductor
and a negative charge is placed on the opposite end of the
conductor.
FIGURE 3-13 Current electricity is the movement of electrons
through a conductor.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Conventional Theory versus Electron Theory
• It was once thought that electricity had only one
charge and moved from positive to negative.
• The discovery of the electron and its negative
charge led to the electron theory, which states that
there is electron flow from negative to positive.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Conventional Theory versus Electron Theory
FIGURE 3-14 Conventional theory states that current flows through
a circuit from positive () to negative (). Automotive electricity uses the
conventional theory in all electrical diagrams and schematics.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Amperes
• The ampere is the unit used throughout the world to
measure current flow.
FIGURE 3-15 One ampere is the movement of 1 coulomb
(6.28 billion billion electrons) past a point in 1 second.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Amperes
• Amperes are measured by an ammeter (not ampmeter).
FIGURE 3-16 An ammeter is installed in the path of the electrons
similar to a water meter used to measure the flow of water in gallons
per minute. The ammeter displays current flow in amperes.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Volts
• The volt is the unit of measurement for electrical pressure.
• Voltage is also called electrical potential, because if there is
voltage present in a conductor, there is a potential
(possibility) for current flow
FIGURE 3-17 Voltage is the electrical pressure that causes the
electrons to flow through a conductor.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Volts
FIGURE 3-18 This digital multimeter set to read DC
volts is being used to test the voltage of a vehicle
battery. Most multimeters can also measure
resistance (ohms) and current flow (amperes).
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Ohms
• Resistance to the flow of current
through a conductor is measured
in units called ohms.
• The resistance to the flow of free
electrons through a conductor
results from the countless
collisions the electrons cause
within the atoms of the conductor.
FIGURE 3-19 Resistance to the flow of
electrons through a conductor is measured in
ohms.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
ELECTRICITY
Watts
• A watt is the electrical unit
for power, the capacity to
do work.
FIGURE 3-20 A display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn,
Michigan, that includes a hand-cranked generator and a series of
light bulbs. This figure shows a young man attempting to light as
many bulbs as possible. The crank gets harder to turn as more
bulbs light because it requires more power to produce the
necessary watts of electricity.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Friction
• When certain different materials are rubbed
together, the friction causes electrons to be
transformed from one to the other.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Heat
• When pieces of two metals
are joined together at both
ends and one junction is
heated, current passes
through the metals.
FIGURE 3-21 Electron flow is produced by
heating the connection of two different
metals.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Light
• When certain metals are exposed to light, some of the light
energy is transferred to the free electrons of the metal.
FIGURE 3-22 Electron flow is produced by light
striking a light-sensitive material.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Pressure
• When subjected to
pressure, certain crystals,
such as quartz, develop a
potential difference, or
voltage, on the crystal
faces.
FIGURE 3-23 Electron flow is produced by
pressure on certain crystals.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Chemistry
• Two different materials (usually metals) placed in a
conducting and reactive chemical solution create a
difference in potential, or voltage, between them.
– This principle is called electrochemistry and is the basis
of the automotive battery.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Conductors and Resistance
• All conductors have some resistance to current flow. Several
principles of conductors and their resistance include the
following:
– If the conductor length is doubled, its resistance doubles.
– If the conductor diameter is increased, its resistance is reduced.
– As the temperature increases, the resistance of the conductor also
increases..
– Materials used in the conductor have an impact on its resistance.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Conductors and Resistance
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Resistors
• Resistance is the opposition to current flow.
• Most electrical and electronic devices use resistors
of specific values to limit and control the flow of
current.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Resistors
FIGURE 3-24 A resistor color code interpretation.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Resistors
FIGURE 3-25 A typical carbon resistor.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Variable Resistors
• Potentiometers are most commonly used as throttle
position (TP) sensors on computer-equipped
engines.
• Another type of mechanically operated variable
resistor is the rheostat.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Variable Resistors
FIGURE 3-26 A three-wire variable resistor
is called a potentiometer.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
FIGURE 3-27 A two-wire variable resistor is
called a rheostat.
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SUMMARY
1. Electricity is the movement of electrons from one
atom to another.
2. Automotive electricity uses the conventional
theory that electricity flows from positive to
negative.
3. The ampere is the measure of the amount of
current flow.
4. Voltage is the unit of electrical pressure.
5. The ohm is the unit of electrical resistance.
6. Sources of electricity include friction, heat, light,
pressure, and chemistry.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Define electricity.
2. Define ampere, volt, and ohm.
3. List three materials that are conductors and three
materials that are insulators.
4. List four sources of electricity.
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
1. An electrical conductor is an element with _____
electrons in its outer orbit.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Less than 2
Less than 4
Exactly 4
More than 4
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
1. An electrical conductor is an element with _____
electrons in its outer orbit.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Less than 2
Less than 4
Exactly 4
More than 4
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
2. Like charges _____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Attract
Repel
Neutralize each other
Add
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
2. Like charges _____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Attract
Repel
Neutralize each other
Add
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
3. Carbon and silicon are examples of _____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Semiconductors
Insulators
Conductors
Photoelectric materials
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
3. Carbon and silicon are examples of _____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Semiconductors
Insulators
Conductors
Photoelectric materials
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
4. Which unit of electricity does the work in a circuit?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Volt
Ampere
Ohm
Coulomb
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
4. Which unit of electricity does the work in a circuit?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Volt
Ampere
Ohm
Coulomb
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
5. As temperature increases _____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
The resistance of a conductor decreases
The resistance of a conductor increases
The resistance of a conductor remains the same
The voltage of the conductor decreases
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
5. As temperature increases _____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
The resistance of a conductor decreases
The resistance of a conductor increases
The resistance of a conductor remains the same
The voltage of the conductor decreases
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
6. The _____ is a unit of electrical pressure.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Coulomb
Volt
Ampere
Ohm
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
6. The _____ is a unit of electrical pressure.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Coulomb
Volt
Ampere
Ohm
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
7. Technician A says that a two-wire variable resistor
is called a rheostat. Technician B says that a
three-wire variable resistor is called a
potentiometer. Which technician is correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
7. Technician A says that a two-wire variable resistor
is called a rheostat. Technician B says that a
three-wire variable resistor is called a
potentiometer. Which technician is correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technicians A and B
Neither Technician A nor B
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
8. Creating electricity by exerting a force on a crystal
is called _____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Electrochemistry
Piezoelectricity
Thermoelectricity
Photoelectricity
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
8. Creating electricity by exerting a force on a crystal
is called _____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Electrochemistry
Piezoelectricity
Thermoelectricity
Photoelectricity
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
9. The fact that a voltage can be created by exerting
force on a crystal is used in which type of sensor?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Throttle position (TP)
Manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
Barometric pressure (BARO)
Knock sensor (KS)
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
9. The fact that a voltage can be created by exerting
force on a crystal is used in which type of sensor?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Throttle position (TP)
Manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
Barometric pressure (BARO)
Knock sensor (KS)
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
10. A potentiometer, a three-wire variable resistance,
is used in which type of sensor?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Throttle position (TP)
Manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
Barometric pressure (BARO)
Knock sensor (KS)
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
10. A potentiometer, a three-wire variable resistance,
is used in which type of sensor?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Throttle position (TP)
Manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
Barometric pressure (BARO)
Knock sensor (KS)
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
END
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting of Automotive Electrical,
Electronic, and Computer Systems, Fifth Edition
By James D. Halderman
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458