Download How To Make Your Own Hardware

Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
1
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Making A Hardware Board
Define system
requirements
Finding components
and design circuit
PCB board
Capture Schematic
Printed Circuit
Board (PCB) layout
2011/12/9
Professional PCB
manufacturers
Soldering
Components
Home made PCB
prototype
Testing
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
2
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Typical Process
Define requirements
Get the circuits
1.
2.
Design from scratch
Google
Ask some one who know



Find components
2.
Which IC you want to use

Create component libraries in the PCB software
Capture schematic
3.
4.
Draw the circuit on the PCB software

Layout
5.
1.
2.
3.
Decide the shape of the board
Placing components
Make connections
Make the hardware board
6.


2011/12/9
Export layout to manufacturer output, send to PCB manufacturer
Home made PCB
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
3
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Today’s Class
 Introduction
 Create schematic library
 Capture schematic
 Next week
 Create PCB library (footprint)
 Layout
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
4
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
First Of All -- Schematic
Rectangle with
numbers are usually
connector
Rectangle with pin
names are usually
components
Usually on the schematic or
their description, they will tell
you what component it is (part
number). You can find the
datasheet of the component
from Internet
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
5
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Taroko Schematic
Switches
LEDs
Light sensors
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
6
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Real Device And Schematic
There will be a
designator for
each component
on schematic. And
it is 1-to-1 map to
the PCB board
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
7
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Map to Real Device
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
8
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Map to Real Device
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
9
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Map to Real Device
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
10
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Resources Available On Internet
 Books
 Google
 Application notes
 A document which gives more specific details on using a
component in a specific application
 Provided by IC manufacturers

Example: TI MSP430 application notes
 Reference design
 Especially RF IC
 Example: CC2420 reference design
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
11
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Search For Datasheet
 M25P80
 Datasheet

8 Mbit, low voltage, serial Flash memory with 75 MHz SPI bus
interface
 It is a flash memory
 SHT11
 Datasheet

SHT1x / SHT7x
 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
12
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
What To Look In Datasheet
 Functionality
 What does this IC do
 Electrical Characteristic
 Supply voltage
 Current consumption
 Etc
 Application Information
 How to make it work
 Packages
 What is the IC looks like
 Shape, size, pins design, pitch, etc.
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
13
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
M25P80 Datasheet
SPI interface
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
14
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
M25P80 Signal Description
SPI interface
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
15
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Connect M25P80 and MSP430
Pin 2, 5, 6 is SPI
interface on M25P80,
connected to SPI
interface of MSP430
Chip select and Hold
pin connected to GPIO
pins on MSP430
Write Protect is connected
to Vcc, that means we are
not using write protect
function
GPIO on
MSP430
The SPI interface is
shared with radio chip
2011/12/9
SPI interface
on MSP430
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
16
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
M25P80 Datasheet
 Usually at the end of the datasheet, there will be some
section call “Packaging information”, “Package”, ……
 This section contain the information about how the
chip looks like
 Lets take a look at the common packages
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
17
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
M25P80 Packages
 A chip may have
more than one
package
 M25P80 has three
 Package
information gives
you the footprint
of the chip
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
18
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
SO8W
 We use M25P80 SO8W package on Taroko
b
e
E
2011/12/9
A dot here
defines pin #1
E1
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
19
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Through-hole vs SMD
 Through-hole
 A mounting scheme
 Pins inserted into holes drilled in PCB and soldered to
pads on the opposite side


Expansion connector on Taroko
Light sensor on Taroko
 SMD: surface mounted device
 Components are mounted directly onto the surface of
PCB


2011/12/9
Many devices on Taroko are SMD
Resistor, capacitor, MSP430, and more.
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
20
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Through-hole Packages
 SIP: single in-line packages
Through-hole package are
old, their number decreased
in modern design
 DIP: dual in-line packages
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
21
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
SMD Packages
 Chip resistors, capacitors, inductors
 0402, 0603, 0805, …


2011/12/9
Represent size of the chip
0805 means 0.08” x 0.05” rectangle
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
22
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
SMD Packages
 SO: Small outline
 Usually refer to IC with two rows of leads
 QFP: Quad flat package
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
23
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
SMD Packages
 QFN: Quad flat package, no-leads
 The packages we introduced just now are most
commonly used
 Device datasheet should include the package
information
 You will need it for PCB layout
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
24
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
SMD Packages
 BGA: Ball Grid Array
These two are widely used
in high end processor.
They allow more pin-out
from a single package. We
seldom use ICs in these
package, it is too difficult
to solder by hand
 PGA: Pin Grid Array
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
25
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Power
?
Power
CC2420
Radio
MSP430
what about Power?
USB is 5V, MSP430 operating
range is 1.8V ~ 3.6V. How to
get supply power from USB?
USB
Sensors, memory, LEDs,
switches, expension
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
26
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Regulator
 A semiconductor device that converts an input DC
voltage (usually a range of input voltages) to a fixedoutput DC voltage
 Many types of regulators, most commonly used
 Linear regulators
 Switching regulators
 You might accept power supply from various sources
with different voltage, but you need a stable voltage for
your system
 Use a regulator
(5V ~ 40V)
2011/12/9
input
Regulator
output
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
3.3V (fixed)
27
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Switching Regulator can
step up the voltage
Linear Regulator
(3.3V) input
Linear
regulator
 Output voltage < input voltage
 All linear regulators require an input voltage at least some
minimum amount higher than the desired output voltage

output 5V
This minimum amount is called drop-out voltage
 You can only step down the voltage
 Inefficient, power dissipated as heat
Power provided at the
output = 5V * 60mA
= 300mW
(5V ~ 40V)
Power provided at the
output = 3.3V * 60mA
= 198mW
input
Regulator
output
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
Taroko
Power dissipated on regulator
= 300mW – 198mW
= 102mW
3.3V (fixed)
Taroko current
consumption=60mA
28
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Key Parameters of Regulators
 Input voltage range
 A range of possible input voltage
 Output voltage
 Fixed to some value
 Adjustable

Can be adjust by some external resistors
 Maximum output current
 Maximum current allowed
 Drop-out voltage
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
29
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Linear Regulator ICs
U25 on Taroko
 MCP1700T-3302TT (on Taroko)
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
30
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Typical Application Circuit
 Usually the datasheet has the typical application
circuit
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
31
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Why To Buy
 You have a schematic, and already found out what is
the components on it
 But, where to buy?
 Various sources
 Online retailers


www.digikey.com
www.mouser.com
These are probably two of the world largest
online electronic components retailers. If
the component you need cannot buy from
these two sources, you might want to
consider the other component!
 Local distributors
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
32
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Putting Things Together
 Hardware prototyping
 Breadboard
 Printed Circuit Board
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
33
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Breadboard




Fast and easy
Signal unstable and inaccurate
Ugly!
Un-professional
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
34
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Printed Circuit Board
Home made PCB
 Take some time
 Professional
 Signal is more stable
Industry fabrication PCB
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
35
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Goal
 Design a term project control board
 Replace the Breadboard
 Place on you robot car
 Has Connectors to connect two Taroko’s


Location node
Control node: receive infrared, control motor, receive location
 Provide power supply for Taroko
 Has connectors to connect two infrared sensors
 Has connectors to connect two motor (PWM output)
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
36
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Block Diagram
Connector
3-Pin
Infrared
Connector
3-Pin
Infrared
6V
Taroko
Location node
3.3V
Taroko
Control node
3.3V
Regulator
LM317L
Battery
4 AA
6V output
Connector
3-Pin
Motor
2011/12/9
Connector
3-Pin
Motor
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
6V
37
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Components
 Battery connector: 2-pin,
 Regulator: LM317L, 8-pin SOIC
 Resistor, capacitor
 Taroko connector
 Location node: 2x5 pin, 2x3 pin
 Control node: 2x5 pin, 2x3 pin
 Infrared connector: 3 pin
 Motor connector: 3 pin
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
38
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
PCB Layout
 Software
 We are using “Altium Design 6”
 There are many other software available
 Process
1. Initial setup
2. Create schematic library
3. Capture schematic
4. Create PCB library
5. PCB layout
6. Output
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
39
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Tools
 Altium Designer
 http://www.altium.com/products/altiumdesigner/en/altium-designer_home.cfm
 Trial version
 https://trial1.altium.com/?lang=us#:1sy923989
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
40
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Altium Designer 6
 Electronic product development solution
 Schematic capture
 PCB Board design
 Simulation
 FPGA design
 etc.
 We will use it to do the PCB layout
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
41
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Schematic And PCB
Layout
Create Schematic
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
42
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Beginning
Empty layout
Blank schematic sheet
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
43
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Create Components (Library)
1. Create schematic components
2. Create PCB footprint
3. Link schematic and PCB components
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
44
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Capture Schematic
1. Place components on sheet
2. Make connection
Net_A1
Net_A1
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
45
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Compile And Export
According to you schematic, export footprint to PCB
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
46
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Layout
Define outline
2011/12/9
Place components
Make connection
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
Polygon Pour
47
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
PCB Layout Process
 Process
1. Initial setup
1.
2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2011/12/9
Create design workspace
Create PCB project
Add new “Schematic”, “PCB”, “Schematic library” and “PCB
library”
Create schematic library
Capture schematic
Create PCB library
PCB layout
Output
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
48
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Schematic Library
 Component list (what components you need)
 LM317L
 Miscellaneous components



Resistor
capacitor
connectors
 Schematic library contain the components you will use
 Altium Designer has a collection of libraries



2011/12/9
Search the libraries
If the components you want is not in the libraries provide, you have
to create one (both AD7798, ADXL330 was not found)
 Create library components for AD7766 and ADXL330
Copy Miscellaneous components
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
49
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Capture Schematic
 Schematic library are ready
 Capture Schematic
 01
 02
Vcc
Vcc
GND
Vcc
Give every power
supply line a 0.1 μF
capacitor
REFIN(-), AIN1(-),
AIN2(-), AIN3(-)
connect GND
2011/12/9
Xout
Yout
Zout
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
Vcc
2
4
6
8
50
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
The Schematic
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
51
Network and Systems Laboratory
nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Create your own schematic
2011/12/9
Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011
52