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Class 8
Grammatica
Codici Veteri
Redditus a libro mortuarum
Review
Class 4
Cases:
Spelling changes:
Classical Medieval
-ae
-e
-oe
-e
-h-ch-ti
-ci
-ct-cccs-sc-ssobop-
NOMINATIVE:
for nouns used as subjects in a
sentence or clause
GENITIVE:
shows possession
DATIVE:
noun receives action, indirect object
ACCUSATIVE:
noun is acted upon, direct object
ABLATIVE:
normally used for nouns following a
preposition
Review
Class 4 (cont.)
1st Declension: silva, -ae
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Nominative:
Genitive:
Dative:
Accusative:
Ablative:
SINGULAR
silv-a
silv-ae
silv-ae
silv-am
silv-ā
PLURAL
silv-ae
silv-arum
silv-is
silv-as
silv-is
Review
Verbs generally have four principle parts
Class 4 (cont.)
aro
arare
aravi
aratus, -a, -um
To form the present tense, find present stem from
infinitive (2nd principle part), drop infinitive ending –re,
and add the present system endings:
ara + -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
1st Conjugation (present)
baptizo (1) [baptizo, baptizare, baptizavi, baptizatum]
baptiz-o
baptiza-s
baptiza-t
baptiza-mus
baptiza-tis
baptiza-nt
Review
Class 5
2nd Declension (masc.), patrinus, -i
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Nominative:
Genitive:
Dative:
Accusative:
Ablative:
SINGULAR
patrinus
patrini
patrino
patrinum
patrino
PLURAL
patrini
patrinorum
patrinis
patrinos
patrinis
Review
Class 5 (cont.)
2nd Declension (neuter), pratum, -i
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Nominative:
Genitive:
Dative:
Accusative:
Ablative:
SINGULAR
pratum
prati
prato
pratum
prato
PLURAL
prata
pratorum
pratis
prata
pratis
Review
Class 5 (cont.)
4th Declension: manus, -us
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Nominative:
Genitive:
Dative:
Accusative:
Ablative:
SINGULAR
manus
manus
manui
manum
manu
PLURAL
manus
manuum
manibus
manus
manibus
Review
Class 5 (cont.)
5th Declension: res, rei
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•
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•
Nominative:
Genitive:
Dative:
Accusative:
Ablative:
SINGULAR
res
rei
rei
rem
re
PLURAL
res
rerum
rebus
res
rebus
Review
N.B. Adjectives need to agree with any noun,
whether it is m., f., or n., and so must have the
forms for each gender in all cases and both
numbers
Class 5 (cont.)
1st & 2nd Declension Adj.
Sing.
N
G
D
Ac
Ab
Plural
masc.
fem.
neuter
masc.
fem.
neuter
bonus
boni
bono
bonum
bono
bona
bonae
bonae
bonam
bona
bonum
boni
bono
bonum
bono
boni
bonorum
bonis
bonos
bonis
bonae
bonarum
bonis
bonas
bonis
bona
bonorum
bonis
bona
bonis
Review
Class 6
2nd Conjugation (present)
teneo (2) [teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum]
teneo
tenes
tenet
tenemus
tenetis
tenent
Verbs generally have four principle parts
Review
aro
Class 6 (cont.)
arare
aravi
aratus, -a, -um
To form the present tense, find present stem from
infinitive (2nd principle part) by dropping infinitive
ending –re and add the present system endings:
ara + -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
Perfect tense
To form the perfect tense, find the perfect stem from the
3rd principle part and add the perfect system endings:
arav+ -i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis. -erunt
baptizo (1) [baptizo, baptizare, baptizavi, baptizatum]
baptizavi
baptizavisti
baptizavit
baptizavimus
baptizavistis
baptizaverunt
Review
Class 6 (cont.)
The future is a present system
tense formed by adding the tense
sign –bi- to the stem and then
adding the personal endings
Future tense: 1st & 2nd conj.
baptizo (1) [baptizo, baptizare, baptizavi, baptizatum]
baptizabo
baptizabis
baptizabit
baptizabimus
baptizabitis
baptizabunt
Review
Class 6 (cont.)
The imperfect is a present system
tense formed by adding the tense
sign –ba- to the stem and then
adding the personal endings
Imperfect tense: 1st – 4th conj.
baptizo (1) [baptizo, baptizare, baptizavi, baptizatum]
baptizabam
baptizabas
baptizabat
baptizabamus
baptizabatis
baptizabant
Review
The true stem of a 3rd declension
noun is usually revealed in the
genitive singular
Class 7
3rd Declension: rex, regis
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Nominative:
Genitive:
Dative:
Accusative:
Ablative:
SINGULAR
rex
regis
regi
regem
rege
PLURAL
reges
regum
regibus
reges
regibus
Review
Relative pronouns must agree
with their antecedents in gender
and number; they take their case
from their function in the relative
clause
Class 7
Relative pronouns: qui, que, quod
Sing.
N
G
D
Ac
Ab
Plural
masc.
fem.
neuter
masc.
fem.
neuter
qui
cuius
cui
quem
quo
que
cuius
cui
quam
qua
quod
cuius
cui
quod
quo
qui
quorum
quibus
quos
quibus
que
quarum
quibus
quas
quibus
que
quorum
quibus
que
quibus
Verb Review
Present system (active)
uses the present stem
endings -o, -s, -t
-mus, -tis, -nt
Verbs in Latin
four principle parts
three systems to for tenses
Perfect system (active)
uses the perfect stem
endings -i, -isti, -it
-imus, -istis, -erunt
Periprastic system (active)
uses the p.p.p. + a form of the verb sum
Present participles
teneo (2) [teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum]
Present participles are formed by
adding –ns, -ntis to the present
stem. They are declined similar
to third declension 2-stem
adjectives
Sing.
masc./fem.
N
G
D
Ac
Ab
tenens
tenentis
tenenti
tenentem
tenenti
Plural
neuter
masc./fem.
neuter
tenens
tenentis
tenenti
tenens
tenenti
tenentes
tenentium
tenentibus
tenentes
tenentibus
tenentia
tenentium
tenentibus
tenentia
tenentibus
Past and future participles
The perfect passive participle is
the 4th principle part of a verb,
and is declined like a 1st & 2nd
declension adjective
The future participle is formed by
incerting –ur- to the p.p.p., and is
declined like a 1st & 2nd
declension adjective
teneo (2) [teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum]
Sing.
N
G
D
Ac
Ab
Plural
masc.
fem.
neuter
masc.
fem.
neuter
tentus
tenti
tento
tentu
mtento
tenta
tentae
tentaet
tentam
tenta
tentum
tenti
tento
tentum
tento
tenti
tentorum
tentis
tentos
tentis
tentae
tentarum
tentis
tentas
tentis
tenta
tentorum
tentis
tenta
tentis
Ablative absolute
In Latin a noun or (pronoun) and a participle agreeing with it are often
put in the ablative case to indicate the circumstances under which the
action of the main verb occurs
Fidelitate facta Johannes admissus est tenens
Prestito juramento dominus absolvit eam
Prestito juramento dominus absolvit eum
Nicolas Bold et Robertus Bydell decenarii presentant
Thomam Clerke et Henricum Chatcull pro defectu apparantie
Anno Domini 1784•die 18•Februarii
mortuus est Bernardus Dürrhein natus 28•Decembris 1783
filiola josephi Dürrhein sutoris et Annæ Mariæ natæ Weigtin conjugum ac civium
Hördensium
et 19 hujius mensis et anni a me infra scripto Parocho in Hörd ad S. Georgium
sepultus est in cœmeterio loci
Testor FrancXav Ströhlz p.t. Par. Cur.
Anno Domini 1784 die 18 Februarii mortuus est Bernardus
Durrhein natus 28 Decembris 1783 filiola [sic] josephi Durrhein sutoris et
Annae Mariae natae Weiglin conjugum ac civium Hordensium, et 19 hujus
mensis et anni a me infra scripto Parocho in Hord ad S. Georgium sepultus
est in coemeterio loci. Testor FrancXar Strohlz p. t. Par. Cur.
In the year of our Lord 1784, on the 18th of February, Bernardus Durrhein died; born the 28
of December 1783 the infant son of Joseph Durrhein the shoemaker and of Anna Maria née
Weigl married spouses and citizens of Hörd, and on the 19th of this month and year he was
interred in the local cemetery by me the undersigned priest of Hörd at Saint George. I
testify, Francis Xavier Strohlz, parish curate pro tempore
Noverint universi has litteras visuri vel audituri
Regina dedit Willelmo terram
vocatum Horsehay
Messuagium vocatum Hautassise iacet in
Bradeway
Willelmus Normasell sursumreddit in manus domini duo clausa iacentia in parochia
que tenuit iure Elizabethe uxoris sue
Hac carta indentata virgatam terre Ranulpho
confirmavimus