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CLAUSES
WHAT ARE CLAUSES?
• Clauses are groups of words that contain
a subject and a verb.
– Sometimes they express a complete thought.
These clauses are INDEPENDENT
CLAUSES.
– Sometimes they do NOT express a complete
thought. These clauses are DEPENDENT or
SUBORDINATE CLAUSES.
Independent Clauses
• Sometimes called a Main Clause, the
independent clause has a subject and a
verb and expresses a complete thought.
• One independent clause is a simple
sentence.
• Example:
• Millions of people live in cities.
Subordinate Clauses
• Sometimes known as dependent clauses,
these clauses have a subject and a verb
but do NOT express a complete thought.
• Dependent Clauses are NOT sentences.
Ex: John is a man that people can trust.
Adjective Clauses
• Modify nouns or pronouns in the main
clause of the sentence
• Answer the questions “which one?” and
“what kind?”
• Usually begin with a relative pronoun,
such as who, whom, whose, which, or
that.
• Example: She is a person who truly loves
bicycling. ( What kind of person?)
Adverb Clauses
• Modify the verb in a main clause
• Answers the questions: How?, When?, Where?,
Why?, and Under what condition?
• Usually begin with subordinating conjunctions
such as: after, although, as, because, before, if,
since, than, though, unless, until, when,
whenever, where, whereas, wherever
• Example: She likes ten speeds because they
are versatile.( Likes, why?)
Independent or Subordinate?
• When the sun set.
• Most people know that camels are
stubborn.
• He paid a low price.
• Which he bought on sale.
• Before automobiles were available.
• Where you ride is your choice.
Types of Subordinate Clauses
• Adjective
• Adverb
• Noun
Noun Clauses
• Can be used in the same ways a noun can
be used:
– Subject
– Direct Object
– Object of a Preposition
– Predicate Noun
Examples
• S-Whoever rides a bike rides for fun or
exercise.
• DO-Suki says that she wants a ten
speed.
• OP-She is interested in looking at
whatever is on sale.
• PN- The flea market is where she can
find a good deal.