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QURANIC GRAMMAR
AS-SARF
“Morphology of the words”
Lesson 4
Lessons from the book
MABADE” ALA’RABIYAH –
basics of Arabic Grammar
RASHEED SHARTOONI
Standard form vs. Commonly used
form
The student must know that not all the forms in
Arabic language are standard {QYASIYA} that
means there are forms used for certain words do
not fall under standard form or scale and these
are called SOMAAE’YA that means heard from or
commonly used:
1.QYASIYA‫( اندَفَ َع – قياسية‬Push) ‫ان ِدفاعا‬
2.SOMAAE’YA ‫سماعية‬- ٌ‫ فَعَلَلَة‬DAHRAJA ‫حر َج‬
َ َ‫ د‬ ‫حر َجة‬
َ َ‫د‬
Note:
• Since the MASDAR is derived from a verb,
therefore it is a better to take a summary of
the types of the verbs from the aspect of the
number of the letters in its root form ‫مجرد‬
ّ ,
and study the various forms of the verb after
the addition ‫ مزيد‬of one or more from the
letters which form ‫( سألتمونيها‬You all asked me
about her)
Mojarrad and Mazeed verbs
• ‫مجرد‬
ّ – Verbs with Root letters
– Any form of a verb that contains ONLY the root letters.
– ‫ – ضرب‬He Hit
– ‫ – كتب‬He Wrote
• ‫ –مزيد‬Root Verbs with increased letters.
– ‫ كتبوا‬They wrote
– ‫ أضرب‬He went on strike
Note:
• The Mojarrad past verb Verb can have a dhummah, kasra or
fatha on the Ayn of the verb.
• The Fa and La of the verb must be fatha for past tense.
• Past tense verbs are prefixed by the following letters: Seen,
Alif, Laam, Taa, Meem, Wow, Noon Yaa, or Haa
Mojarrad Three Lettered Verb has three forms
• ‫شرب فَ ِع َل‬
• ‫كتب فَعَ َل‬
• ‫قرب فَعُ َل‬
Mojarrad Four Lettered Verb has one form:
• Fa’lala ‫زلزل فعلل‬
4&5-MOJARRAD and MAZEED
A singular triliteral root verb is without any increased
letter and is called MOJARRAD .
For example ‫ف‬
َ ‫(ع ََر‬he knew).
A MAZEED triliteral verb with increased letter to its root
can be as follows:
A. Either one added letter:
for example: ‫کر َم‬
َ ‫( أ‬he honored) AKRAMA.
B. Or two added letters:
for example: ‫ق‬
َ َ‫(اِن َطل‬he was set free). INTALAQA
C. Or three added letters:
for example: ‫(اِست َغفَ َر‬he asked for forgiveness).
ISTAGHFARA
The book mentions ten forms of increased (MAZEED)
verbs.
Mazeed with one letter
If you increase three lettered Mojarrad Verb by
one letter, you can have the following forms:
ّ
1. Fa’ّala
with a shaddah on the A’YN of the verb
(‫ )فَعَ َل‬Form: Alima  Al’lama (Taught) ‫علَ َم‬
َ ‫علَم‬
َ
2. Afa’la (‫ )اَفعَ َل‬Form: KaromaAkrama (offered
his Generousity) ‫ا َك َر َم‬‫َك َر َم‬
3. Faa’ala (‫ع َل‬
َ ‫ )فَا‬Form: ShahadaShaahada
(Witness) َ‫شا َهد‬ َ‫ش َهد‬
MAZEED with one increased letter
• There are ten forms of triliteral verbs with
increase letters, we will start with the form of
one increased letter:
• There are three forms of triliteral verbs that
have one increase letter:
A. ‫( فَع َل‬FA’A’LA)This is form II Here the second root
letter is doubled. For example: ‫( َخب َر‬he informed)
B. ‫ع َل‬
َ ‫( فا‬FAA’ALA) This is form III. Here an alif is
added to the root. For example: ‫(خابَ َر‬he notified
)
C. ‫أفعل‬This is form IV. Here a glottal stop is added to
the beginning of the root. For example: ‫(أخبَ َر‬he
notified)
Mazeed with two letters
If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb by Two letter, you
can have the following 5 forms:
1. Tafa’ala with SHADDAH on A’YN (‫ع َل‬
َ َّ ‫ف‬
َ َ‫ )ت‬Form:  Ta’al’lama
(He Learned) ‫تَعَلَم‬
2. Tafaaal(‫ع َل‬
َ ‫ )تفا‬Form Tashaaraka (Associated) ‫تشارك‬
َ
3. Infa’ala( ‫ )أنفعل‬Form:  InTalaqa & Insarafa (Left)
4. Ifta’ala(‫ )أفتعل‬Form:  Ijtamaa’ (he met )
ّ with SHADDAH on LAAM (‫ )اِفعَ َل‬Form:  Ihmar’ra
5. Ifa’alّa
(Become Red) ‫إح َم َر‬
MAZEED with two increased letter
There are five forms of triliteral verbs that have two increase
letters:
A. ‫( تَفَع َل‬TAFA’A’LA)This is form V. Here a tā’ is added and the
second root letter is doubled. For example: ‫(تَقَب َل‬he accepted
with strength) ; in respond to a demand strongly
B. ‫ع َل‬
َ ‫( تَفا‬TAFAAA’LA)This is form VI. Here a tā’ and an alif are
added. For example ‫( تَقابَ َل‬they both met) ;both parties agreed
and initiated the action
C. ‫( اِنفَعَ َل‬INFAA’LA)This is form VII. Here a glottal stop and a nūn
are added. For example: ‫(اِنقَبَ َل‬it was accepted) :action under
influence or under pressure
D. ‫( اِفتَعَ َل‬IFTAA’LA)This is form VIII. Here a glottal stop (HAMZA)
and a tā’ are added. For example: ‫(اِقتَبَ َل‬he received) : Action
with intention and purpose
E. ‫( اِفعَل‬EFALLA)This is form IX. Here a glottal stop is added and
the last root letter is doubled. For example: ‫(اِح َمر‬he become
red): transformation to a description
Mazeed with three letter
If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb by
Three letter, you can have the following forms:
1. Istafal( ‫ )اِستَفعَ َل‬Form:  Istafsfara (Seeking the
Meaning)
2. Ifawala( ‫ع َل‬
َ ‫ )اِفعَو‬Form:  Ihdowdaba (Bending)
‫ب‬
َ َ‫اِحدَود‬
ّ with SHADDAH on LAAM ( ‫ )افعا َل‬Form:
3. If’aal’lّa
Ik’dhaar’ra (Becoming Very Green) ‫اخضار‬
ّّ
َ
MAZEED with three increased letter
A. ‫( اِست َفعَ َل‬ISTAFA’LA)This is form X. Here a
glottal stop, sīn and tā’ are added. For
example: ‫(اِستَغفَ َر‬he asked for forgiveness)
B. ‫ع َل‬
َ ‫( اِفعَو‬IFA’OWA’LA)This is form XII. Here a
glottal stop and a wāw are added along with
another second root letter , example: ‫اِحدَود ََب‬
(It was bent outward)
( Form XI is not mentioned in this book)