Download Tenses Vs Modal Auxiliaries

Tenses Vs Modal
Auxiliaries
Mohammad Tahir Ali Khan
DEFINITION OF TENSES

A tense is a form of a
verb and it indicates
the time of an action
GRAMMETICAL STRUCTURE OF
TENSES:
Simple
Forms
Progressive Perfect
Forms
Forms
Perfect
Progressive
Forms
A/V: base form
H/V: do/does
S/v: is/am/are
or has/have
A/V: present
participle
H/V: is/am/are
S/v: N/A
A/V: present
participle
H/V: has been have
Past
A/V: Past form
H/V: did
S/v: was/were or
had
A/V: present
participle
H/V: was/were
S/v: N/A
A/V: past participle
H/V: had
S/v: been or had
A/V: present
participle
H/V: had been
S /v: N/A
Future
A/V: base form
H/V: will
S/v: be or have
A/V: present
participle
H/V: will
S/v: N/A
A/V: past participle
H/V: will
S/v: been or had
N/A
Present
A/V: past participle
H/V: has/have
S/v: been or had
been
S /v: N/A
PRESENT TENSES
DEFINITION : A verb used to show that an action takes
place at present is said to be in the
PRESENT TENSES

PRESENT TENSES
INDEFINATE
 PRESENT CONTINOUS
 PRESENT PERFECT
 PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINOUS
 PRESENT
PRESENT
INDEFINITE
TENSE
USES
Every
day activities
Repeated Action
News Paper Headlines
Past Short Stories
Feelings, Thoughts, believes
Habitual Action
Permanent Situation
Present Constant State etc
EVERY DAY ACTIVITIES

EXAMPLES

I take break fast 8 o’clock.
I go to school

REPEATED ACTION

EXAMPLES
We play table tennis every Thursday.
 I watch television most weekand.

NEWS PAPER HEADLINES

EXAMPLES
Pakistan win final.
 Bomb blast in Abdullah shah ghazi.

PAST SHORT STORIES

EXAMPLES
India attack Pakistan in 1956.
 I visit zoo last time in 2005.

FEELINGS, THOUTHGHTS, BELIEVE

EXAMPLES
Mathews love sports.
 I hate quiz programs.

HABITUAL ACTION

EXAMPLES
I run slowly.
 He walk early in the morning.

PERMANENT SITUATION

EXAMPLES
The sun rise in the east.
Computer invention is wonder of modern science.
PRESENT CONSTANT STATE etc

EXAMPLES

The flat is clean.
That man is idiot.

PRESENT CONTINOUS

DEFINATION
If the verb shows an action
That is going on in the present
Time then it is a continuous
tense
USES
PRESENT UN FINISHED ACTION
 PRESENT GOING ON ACTION
 MIDDLE OF AN ACTION
 DECIDED FUTURE

PRESENT UN FINISHED ACTION

EXAMPLES
I am doing an interior designing course.
 Ali doing his air force training.

PRESENT GOING ON ACTION

EXAMPLE
She is writing on the blackboard
 We trying to understanding functional
english.

MIDDLE OF AN ACTION

EXAMPLES

I am stilled writing my home work.
DECIDED FUTURE

EXAMPLES
I am going university tomorrow.
 Ali going America next week.

PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
DEFINATION
 If the verb denotes an action
Which has been completed then it
Is a present tense

USES

EXAMPLES
She has broken her bicycle
 The flights have not taken off
 Has she finished her homework?

PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

DEFINATION

Present perfect continuous is used for
indicate complete action

EXAMPLES
It has been raining for two hours.
 Have they been talking since meeting
ended?
 She has not been working As a designer
for 3 years .

PAST
TENSE
PAST TENSE
A verb used to show that an action was
completed in the past is said to be in the
past tense
PAST TENSES
 PAST
INDEFINATE
 PAST CONTINOUS
 PAST PERFECT
 PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS
PAST INDEFINATE

EXAMPLES
Yesterday I saw santa in my dream
 Ram didn’t go to school because he was
sick

PAST CONTINOUS

EXAMPLES
•I was talking to my friend on telephone the thief stole
the jewellery .
PAST PERFECT
EXAMPLES
 He had got the batch neat kid of the week
yesterday .
 The train had not left the station before I
reached there .
 Had the teacher finished writing before the
principle came.
PAST PERFECT
CONTINOUS
EXAMPLES
 This painter had been painting the pictures
for last two years .
 This singer had not been learning music
For last one year .
 Had this man is learning weightlifting For
last six years.

FUTURE
TENSE
FUTURE TENSE

If the verb expresses an action that will be
done in the Future ,then it is a future tense
.
FUTURE TENSE
 FUTURE
INDEFINATE
 FUTURE CONTINOUS
 FUTURE PERFECT
FUTURE INDEFINATE
EXAMPLES
 One day ,I will be the rock star .
 We will meet soon .
 Will I be on the top of the world .

FUTURE CONTINUOUS
EXAMPLES
 Ram will be going to his home .
 Mohan will not be reading, he will be
playing .
 Will teacher be teaching in the class?

FUTURE PREFECT
EXAMPLES
 Meow will have eaten the bird .
 Sohan will not have finished his homework
before mira comes.
 Will I have finished my song till 9 o’ clock?

Modal Auxiliaries




Definition of MODAL AUXILIARY
: an auxiliary verb (as can, must, might, may)
that is characteristically used with a verb of
predication and expresses a modal modification
and that in English differs formally from other
verbs in lacking -s and - ing forms
First Known Use of MODAL AUXILIARY
circa 1904
Modal Auxiliaries

CAN
 Could
 Be
 Must
 Should
able to
 Have
 May
 Might
to
STRUCTURE
SIMPLE
CONTINUES
PERFECT
Present
Subject + can+ base
form
Subject+can + be+
present participle
Subject
+have/has+been+ able
to+ base form
Past
Subject + could+be +
Subject + could + base present participle
form
Future
Subject +will+ be
+able to+ base form
CAN
Use
Examples
ability to do something
In the present (to be able to)
permission to do something
In the present (to be allowed to)
Request
offer
I can speak English.
Can I go to the cinema?
Can you wait a moment, please?
I can lend you my car till tomorrow.
Suggestion
Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?
Possibility
It can get very hot in Arizona.
COULD
Use
ability to do something
In the PAST simple
Examples

I could walk when I was two.
Permission to do something
In the Past continues
I could be going to the movies when I






polite question
polite request
polite offer
I was a teenager.
Could I go to the cinema, please?
Could you wait a moment, please?
I could lend you my car till tomorrow.
polite suggestion
possibility
Could we visit Grandma at the weekend?
It could get very hot in Montana.
BE ABLE TO
Use
Examples
ability to do something
In the FUTURE simple

I will be able to walk .

Permission to do something
I will be able to go cinema for watch movie .
STRUCTURE
SIMPLE
CONTINUES
Present/future
Subject + may/might+
base form
Subject+ may/might +
be+ present participle
Past
Subject + may/might
+have+ past participle
Subject + may/might
+have+been + present
participle
PERFECT
MAY
Use

Possibility in the present/future.
To do something
in the past
(substitute form: to be allowed to)
Examples
It may rain today.


polite suggestion
in the past
I May have going to the
cinema
I May have been helping
you
MIGHT
Possibility
It might rain tomorrow
in the present/future.
(*less possible than MAY)
In the past: (not very common)
Might I Might have borrow your pen.
or
I May have been helping you
STRUCTURE
SIMPLE
Present/future
Subject + must/should
+ base form
Past
Subject +
must/should+have+pa
st prticiple
or
Subject + had to +
base form
CONTINUES
PERFECT
MUST
Necessity: must
I must go to the supermarket today.
Must :(strong obligation to do something)
We must talk about it
You must have a valid driver’s license.
Strong Possibility (95% sure)
You’ve been driving for 10 hours.
You must be tired.
SHOULD
Advice (it’s good – it’s a good idea / not good to do or bad idea)
You should exercise.
You shouldn’t smoke.
Should :(
obligation to do something)
We should talk about it
You should have a valid driver’s license
 In past
She should not have argued in the
last class.
STRUCTURE
SIMPLE
CONTINUES
PERFECT
Present
Subject + have to /has
to + base form
Subject+is/am/are +
having to + base form
Subject +have/has+
had to / + base form
Subject+was/were +
having to + base form
Subject +had+ had to /
+ base form
Past
Subject + had to / +
base form
Future
Subject +will+ have to
+ base form
HAVE TO

Necessity: have to in present simple/future
I have to go to the supermarket today.

In present continues
I am having to go to the supermarket today

In present perfect
I have had to go to the supermarket today
Strong Possibility (95% sure)
You have to be tired