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English for Careers
Chapter 2
Getting to Know
the Parts of Speech
Your goals for Chapter 2:
 Define the eight parts of speech.
 Use the parts of speech correctly in speaking
and writing.
 Expand your vocabulary.
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
THE PARTS OF SPEECH
Basic tools of the English “trade”
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Conjunctions
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
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Adjectives
Adverbs
Prepositions
Interjections
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
NOUNS name




people, animals, places, and things
abstract concepts and qualities
activities and events
time and measurements
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
NOUNS tell who/whom or what



person
city
street
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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


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dog
holiday
house
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
PROPER NOUNS name specific
 Places
 Persons
 Ideas
 Activities
 Times
 Things
 Animals
…and begin with capital letters
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
Examples of proper nouns





Dr. Baker
Memorial Day
Miami
White House
Fido
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
A PRONOUN is a word used as a noun
substitute


I, me, he, she, him, her, you, they, it
who, whom, them, that, which, all,
everyone, someone (and others)
… are
also pronouns
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
A VERB shows
action or state of being
 Action verbs
eat, love, count, run
 Being (and helping) verbs
be, am, seem, is, are
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
Some VERBS help other verbs




We are going.
They have gone.
John has seen.
You will see him again.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
ADJECTIVES modify
nouns and pronouns
I like those expensive, blue shoes because they
are comfortable and go with the most outfits.
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
The four kinds of ADJECTIVES are

Pointing
Those crystal glasses

Descriptive
Those crystal glasses

Articles
The crystal glasses

Limiting
Two crystal glasses
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
ADVERBS modify verbs, adjectives and
other adverbs.
I impulsively purchased the shoes and
uncomfortably paid the price because I really
wanted to wear them immediately.
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
Smith and Moore
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
ADVERBS modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
They add information about


When
Today we must begin work.
How
We proceeded rapidly to work.
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
ADVERBS also add information
about


Where
Did you see the lawyer there?
To what extent
The prosecutor did not question him further.
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
COORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS
join words or groups of words
that are equal.
We met at the junction of Fifth and Elm
Streets.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
SUBORDINATING (dependent)
CONJUNCTIONS ….
join words or groups of words that aren’t equal.
We studied for many hours because the final
exam is tomorrow.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
PREPOSITIONS join nouns and pronouns to other
words in a sentence.

Your cat is under the chair.

Go through the door.

I’m going to Hawaii.

Sit beside me.
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
PREPOSITIONS
convey different meanings.



Ellen often talked with Mr. Lee
Ellen often talked about Mr. Lee.
Ellen often talked to Mr. Lee.
See how the meaning has changed?
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
INTERJECTIONS
express strong feelings.





Awesome!
Goodness!
Amazing!
Wow!
No Way!
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
Smith and Moore
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
Let’s review ..
Identify what the words are in the next few
sentence.
 Verbs
 Nouns
 Conjunctions
 Pronouns
 Prepositions
 Adjectives
 Interjections
 Adverbs
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
Smith and Moore
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on
that new toy.






The brown
= adjectives
puppy
= noun
is
= verb
by
= preposition
the
= adjective
bed
= noun
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
Smith and Moore
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on
that new toy.





and
= conjunction
he
= pronoun
is
= verb
chewing
= verb
furiously
= adverb
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
Smith and Moore
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing
furiously on that new toy.




on
= preposition
that
= adjective (pointing)
new
= adjective (descriptive)
toy
= noun
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
Smith and Moore
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© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
Checkpoint
You have advanced your knowledge of the
parts of speech to understand the English
principles that will help your career.
English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed.
Smith and Moore
25
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.