Download Plural Nouns - Spokane Public Schools

Grammar: Monday
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Learning Targets
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I can identify the two classes of Parts of Speech.
I can recite the definition of a noun.
I can identify common nouns and proper nouns.
I can identify singular and plural nouns.
I can match this weeks vocabulary words with
their definition.
Ms. Walkowiak’s Rule for Grammar
Eight Parts of Speech
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Noun
Adjective
Pronoun
Verb
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
Interjection
Interjection
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Interjections are exclamations such as Oh or
Well that play no grammatical role in the
sentence…We will ignore interjections from
this point on.
Grouping
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The seven parts of speech fall within two
groups, or classes.
Open classes
Closed classes
Club members?
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Open classes
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Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adverb
Think of the parts of
speech as having clubs.
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Closed classes
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Pronoun
Preposition
Conjunction
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Open classes are large
organizations that freely
admit new members.
Closed classes are
small, private clubs with
exclusive, limited
memberships.
Example
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Noun:
The chain is rusty.
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Verb:
We had to chain the dogs.
Tests to Identify Words
1. Word-form tests. Open-class words often
have distinctive endings by which class can
be identified.
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For example, nouns have plural and possessive
endings, and verbs have past-tense endings.
Tests to Identify Words
2. “Tip-off” word tests. Certain words can occur
only with specific open classes.
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For example, the can only be used with nouns
and will can be used only with verbs.
Tests to Identify Words
3. Substitution tests. Certain types of words can
substitute only for specific open classes.
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For example, the pronouns it and they can
substitute only for nouns and their modifiers.
The Future of Grammar
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Starting this week, we will start looking at
grammar in a way that will help you identify
parts of speech more easily.
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We will introduce tips and techniques that will
help you understand grammar better.
Vocabulary
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Perturbed: troubled or disturbed
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Plausible: credible or believable
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Volatile: changeable or unstable
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Embossed: raised above the surface
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Protagonist: main character who initiates action
Grammar: Tuesday
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Learning Targets
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I can identify the two classes of Parts of Speech.
I can recite the definition of a noun.
I can identify common nouns and proper nouns.
I can identify singular and plural nouns.
I can match this weeks vocabulary words with
their definition.
Traditional definition
A noun is a word used to name a person,
place, thing, or idea.
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Person: teacher, grandma, chef, dancer…
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Place: cabin, school, city, beach…
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Thing: bus, baseball, car, butterfly…
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Idea: justice, friendship, love, confusion…
Two types of nouns
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Proper nouns
Proper nouns are the
names of specific
individuals.
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Charlie Brown, Darth
Vader, Aunt Kathy
Chicago, the Atlantic
Ocean, Oz
The New York Times,
the Xerox Corporation,
the Public Broadcasting
Service
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Common nouns
Common nouns do not
refer to specific
individuals. Instead,
they refer to categories.
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student, child, woman,
father
city, attic, sidewalk,
country
book, computer, dragon
patriotism, justice,
friendship
Identifying the difference
Common Nouns
caveman
politician
country
cat
program
movie
Proper Nouns
Fred Flintstone
Senator Blather
Canada
Garfield
Gilligan’s Island
Jurassic Park
Identifying Common Nouns
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The the test for common nouns. If a word can be
used with the article the, then that word is a common
noun.
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the caveman
the politician
the country
the cat
* Careful, however, not to change the part of speech being
tested by taking it out of the context of the original sentence
(i.e. the book (noun), or to book (verb))
Practice
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One word in each pair is a noun; the other word is
another part of speech. Try the the test. Write N.
under the word that passes the test.
1. defend/defense the defend/ the defense
N.
2. authority/authorize
3. lengthen/length
4. concession/ concede
5. discover/discovery
6. perform/performance
Answers
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the authority
the length
the concession
the discovery
the performance
Practice
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Underline the common nouns. Confirm by inserting
the in front of every common noun. Read sentence
after inserting the; does it make sense?
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Example: Instrument measures velocity.
The instrument measures the velocity.
1.
Problems were uncovered after inspection.
Moon was just rising over hills.
2.
Answers
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The problems were uncovered after the
inspection.
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The moon was just rising over the hills.
Reminder!
Grammar and vocabulary tests are on Friday!
Grammar: Wednesday
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Learning Targets
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I can identify the two classes of Parts of Speech.
I can recite the definition of a noun.
I can identify common nouns and proper nouns.
I can identify singular and plural nouns.
I can match this weeks vocabulary words with
their definition.
Review
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What are the two classes that the parts of
speech can be broken into?
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What are the two types of nouns?
Singular and Plural Nouns
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Singular noun
A noun that names only
one person, place, or
thing.
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Plural noun
A noun that names
more than one person,
place, or thing.
Plural Nouns
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Add “s” to most singular nouns to make them
plural
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books
pencils
trucks
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Plural Nouns
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Add “es” to a singular noun that ends with s,
x, ch, or sh.
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glasses
foxes
lunches
brushes
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Plural Nouns
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If a noun ends with a vowel and a “y” add “s”
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keys
highways
monkeys
boys
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Plural Nouns
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If the noun ends with a consonant and a “y”,
change the “y” to an “i” and add “es”.
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puppy = puppies
lady = ladies
butterfly = butterflies
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Plural Nouns
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Some nouns have special plural forms.
Since these words follow no special pattern, you must learn them.
Mice
Men
Deer
Children
Feet
Women
Geese
Oxen
Calves
Moose
And so on….
Remember!
Practice
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Make these singular nouns plural
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girl
church
tray
bunny
sheep
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Answers
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girls
churches
trays
bunnies
sheep
Grammar: Thursday
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Learning Targets
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I can identify the two classes of Parts of Speech.
I can recite the definition of a noun.
I can identify common nouns and proper nouns.
I can identify singular and plural nouns.
I can identify possessive nouns.
I can match this weeks vocabulary words with
their definition.
Singular Possessive Nouns
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Add an apostrophe and an “s” to a singular
noun to make it possessive.
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spider’s web
house’s roof
Mark’s slingshot
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Plural Possessive Nouns
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When a plural noun ends with “s”, add an
apostrophe.
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butterflies’ wings
babies’ strollers
students’ teacher
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Plural Possessive Nouns
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When a plural noun doesn’t end with “s”, add
an apostrophe and an “s”.
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children’s blocks
women’s eyes
Sandy’s hair
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Practice
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Write the correct plural possessive form.
1.
Her family’s/families guest house.
The singers/singer’s agreed to the concert.
Four critics’/critics recommended the book.
Society’s/Societies’ definition of gender
roles have changed.
The sound of horses’ hoofs/hooves rattled
the glass.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Answers
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5.
family’s
singers
critics
Society’s
hooves
Vocabulary Review: Matching
1.
Perturbed
a.
credible or believable
2.
Plausible
b.
troubled or disturbed
3.
Volatile
c.
main character who initiates
action
4.
Embossed
d.
raised above the surface
e.
changeable or unstable
5.
Protagonist
TEST TOMORROW!
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Can you…
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identify the two classes of Parts of Speech?
recite the definition of a noun?
identify common nouns and proper nouns?
identify singular and plural nouns?
identify possessive nouns?
match the vocabulary words with their definition?
Grammar Test
1.
What is the difference between the open classes and closed
classes of the parts of speech?
2.
What is the difference between common and proper nouns? Give
an example with your definition.
3.
Give the plural form for these singular nouns: turtle, wish, echo,
story, and thief.
4.
List the correct plural possessive form:
1.
2.
3.
A muscian’s/musicians talent.
Dr. Seuss’/Dr.Seuss’s sense of humor.
Cara and Susan’s/ Cara’s and Susan’s project impressed the
professor.
Vocabulary Test
Give the word that matches the definition.
1.
raised above the surface
2.
credible or believable
3.
main character who initiates action
4.
changeable or unstable
5.
troubled or disturbed