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CHAPTER 8 GETTING UP EARLY Zzzzzz Tu es molesta, Aurelia. Tu clamas neque laboras! Ego in agris laborare volo! Davus non clamat. Tempus est ad urbem redire! Togas et tunicas in cistam pone! Chapter 8 GETTING UP EARLY Nōndum lūcet, sed Aurēlia, māter Marcī et Cornēliae, iam in vīllā occupāta est. Irāta est quod servōs sedentēs cōnspicit. “Agite, molestī servī!” inquit. “Cūr nihil facitis? Cur vōs ibi sedētis? Cur nōn strēnuē labōrātis? Omnia statim parāre necesse est quod nōs hodiē Rōmam redīmus.” Iam strēnuē 5 labōrant servī. Tum Aurēlia puerōs excitāre parat. Intrat igitur cubiculum Marcī. Clāmat, “Age, Marce! Tempus est surgere. Nōs ad urbem redīre parāmus.” Marcus mātrem audit sed nihil respondet. Deinde Aurēlia cubiculum Sextī intrat. Clāmat, “Age, Sexte. Tempus est surgere.” Statim surgit Sextus. Celeriter tunicam et togam induit et brevī tempore ē cubiculō currit. 10 Iterum Aurēlia cubiculum Marcī intrat. Iterum clāmat, “Age, Marce! Nōs iam strēnuē labōrāmus. Cūr tū sōlus nōn surgis?” Gemit Marcus. “Ego nōn surgō,” inquit, “quod Rōmam redīre nōlō. Cur mihi quoque necesse est ad urbem redīre? Patrem meum prīnceps ad urbem revocat. Patrem cōnsulere vult. Nōn vult cōnsulere Marcum.” Subitō intrat Gaius, pater Marcī, et clāmat, “Sed ego volō cōnsulere Marcum! Cūr, Marce, hodiē mē vexās? Cūr nōn surgis? Cūr nōndum tunicam et togam induis, moleste puer?” Nihil repondet Marcus, sed statim surgit quod patrem timet. 15 1. What time is it? 2. What is Aurelia doing? 3. Why is she angry? 4. What questions does she ask the slaves? 5. What does she say they have to do? 6. What does she do in Marcus’ room? 7. What is his response? 8. What does she do in Sextus’ room? 9. What is his response? 10. What does Aurelia do now? 11. Why isn’t Marcus getting up? 12. Who enters the scene now? 13. What does he have to say? 14. What is Marcus’ response? 1. Cur est Aurelia irata? 2. Cur necesse est omnia statim parare? 3. Quid Aurelia in cubiculo Marci clamat? 4. Quid facit Marcus? 5. Surgitne Sextus? 6. Quid facit Sextus? 7. Cur Marcus non surgit? 8. Quis subito intrat? 9. Cur Marcus surgit? Ego sum Cornelia. Ego sub arbore sedere volo. Tu adhuc dormis, Marce! Sextus non dormit sed surgit. What do you see? Ego et Flavia, nos sub arbore sedemus et legimus. Vos ad meam villam venitis. Pueri meam villam intrant. What do you notice? Latin verb endings tell us who the subject is! ego -m or -o Ego ancilla sum. Ego villam purgo. tu -s Tu ancilla es. Tu villam purgas. puella -t Puella ancilla est. Puella villam purgat. nos -mus Nos ancillae sumus. Nos villam purgamus. vos -tis Vos ancillae estis. Vos villam purgatis. puellae -nt Puellae ancillae sunt. Puellae villam purgant. most must isn’t Let’s all sing! [Tune = The Farmer in the Dell] Refrain: O, S, T, MUS, TIS, NT O, S, T, MUS, TIS, NT The Latin present endings are O, S, T, MUS, TIS, NT I, you, he, she, and it We, you, and also they Are the present English pronouns Now everybody say Refrain: rego, regis, regit regimus, regitis, regunt Are the 3rd conjugation present endings one-by-one. Refrain: amo, amas, amat amamus, amatis, amant 1st conjugation in the present What more could you want. Refrain audio, audis, audit audimus, auditis. audiunt The 4th conjugation present endings are all done. Refrain moneo, monēs, monet monēmus, monētis, monent Let’s sing the 2nd conjugation to our hearts content. Refrain Observe the ending on the verb, and then pick the correct noun or pronoun from the box at the right. 1. ______________ tunicam induis. tu 2. ______________ cubiculum intramus. nos Aurelia 3. ______________ Marcum excitat. nos 4. ______________ te spectamus. vos 5. ______________ epistulas traditis. 6. ______________ ad urbem venio. ego pueri 7. ______________ nuntium salutant. vos 8. ______________ Romam redire paratis. pueri 9. ______________ servos in agros ducunt. ego 10.______________ patrem meum peto. o - ego I s - tu you t – Aurelia mus - nos he/she/it we tis- vos y’all nt – pueri they Observe the noun or pronoun subject, then put the correct ending on the verb. o 1. Ego villam intr______. mus 2. Nos tunicas indui_______. nt 3. Ancillae villam purgare para______. tis 4. Vosne ad meam villam veni_________? ego - o i tu - s you (s) -t he, she, it nos - mus we vos - -tis y’all -nt they t 5. Princeps senatores ad urbem revoca________. s 6. Tu nuntium ad villam duci________. mus 7. Nos ancillas in villā non adiuva__________. s 8. Tune magnum clamorem audi_____ ubi nos mus appropinqua______? 9. Ubi mater te excita_______, Marce, tu non responde______. t s 10.Dum nos in cubiculo dormi__________, vos villam mus cura__________. tis Read a Latin verb “backwards” induimus mus excitas s = = we put on you awaken intratis tis = y’all enter What about that vowel in front of the personal ending? Can you figure it out? portāre timēre surgere arripere audire porto portas portat portamus portatis portant timeo times timet timemus timetis timent surgo surgis surgit surgimus surgitis surgunt arripio arripis arripit arripimus arripitis arripiunt audio audis audit audimus auditis audiunt Which category do the following verbs follow? excitāre, conspicere, docēre, agere, induere, intrāre, venire? One verb we know uses the same personal endings, but with irregular formation. sum I am es you are est he/she/it is sumus we are estis y’all are sunt they are Ego sum Cornelia. Ego sub arbore sedere volo. Tu es Marcus. Tu adhuc dormis, Marce! Sextus est puer strenuus. Sextus non dormit sed surgit. Nos sumus Cornelia et Flavia. Nos sub arbore sedemus et legimus. Vos estis mei amici. Vos ad meam villam venitis. Marcus et Sextus sunt pueri. Pueri meam villam intrant. Personal Endings I -m or –o you -s he/she/it -t we -mus y’all -tis they -nt Latin uses personal endings on its verbs instead of separate pronoun subjects as English does. The Latin personal endings correspond to the same pronoun subjects that English uses. A Latin verb has its subject built into the verb. It is not necessary to have a subject noun or pronoun for a Latin sentence. nos consulimus = we consult But most importantly….READ A LATIN VERB BACKWARDS! Can you find the new personal endings in the Chapter Story? Nōndum lūcet, sed Aurēlia, māter Marcī et Cornēliae, iam in vīllā occupāta est. Irāta est quod servōs sedentēs cōnspicit. “Agite, molestī servī!” inquit. “Cūr nihil facitis? Cur vōs ibi sedētis? Cur nōn strēnuē labōrātis? Omnia statim parāre necesse est quod nōs hodiē Rōmam redīmus.” Iam strēnuē labōrant servī. 5 Tum Aurēlia puerōs excitāre parat. Intrat igitur cubiculum Marcī. Clāmat, “Age, Marce! Tempus est surgere. Nōs ad urbem redīre parāmus.” Marcus mātrem audit sed nihil respondet. Deinde Aurēlia cubiculum Sextī intrat. Clāmat, “Age, Sexte Tempus est surgere.” Statim surgit Sextus. Celeriter tunicam et togam induit et brevī tempore ē cubiculō currit. 10 Iterum Aurēlia cubiculum Marcī intrat. Iterum clāmat, “Age, Marce! Nōs iam strēnuē labōrāmus. Cūr tū sōlus nōn surgis?” Gemit Marcus. “Ego nōn surgō,” inquit, “quod Rōmam redīre nōlō. Cur mihi quoque necesse est ad urbem redīre? Patrem meum prīnceps ad urbem revocat. Patrem cōnsulere vult. Nōn vult cōnsulere Marcum.” Subitō intrat Gaius, pater Marcī, et clāmat, “Sed ego volō cōnsulere Marcum! Cūr, Marce, hodiē mē vexās? Cūr nōn surgis? Cūr nōndum tunicam et togam induis, moleste puer?” Nihil repondet Marcus, sed statim surgit quod patrem timet. 15 What is this –e?!! What about me? Cur, Marce, hodie me vexas? I can’t be the subject because I don’t have a –us ending. What is the subject? The WHAT AM I subjectARE is in the verb ending YOU DOING HERE? -s =TALKING “you” singular. TO ?? ME?!! What is the direct object? Wait… “Me” is the direct object. You ARE talking to me! What is the verb? “Vexas” is the verb. WhatThe other case has endings vocative case is usedidentical when to thedirectly vocative? Can yousomeone spot the by exceptions? addressing name. 1. Quid facis, Flavia? 2. Quid facitis, ancillae? 3. Abite, molesti pueri! 4. Cur nihil facitis, servi ignavi! 5. Pater! Nuntius in villā est! 6. Senatores! Tempus est ad urbem redire. 7. Cave, Sexte! Descende, Sexte! 8. Scribisne epistulas, Corneli? Vocative Case Is used when calling someone by name. It’s endings are identical to the nominative except for the 2nd declension singular: nouns have a vocative ending of –e. -ius nouns have a vocative ending of –i. -us Watch your verb endings in sentences with vocatives. The subject of the sentence could be “you” or “you all”. Model Sentences Write these in your notes and label each case. Puella epistulam tradit, domina. Puellae epistulas tradunt, dominae. Puer cibum tradit, domine. Pueri cibos tradunt, domini. Mater arborem curat, senator. Matres arbores curant, senatores. Puella epistulam tradit, domina. Nom. Acc. TV Voc. Puellae epistulas tradunt, dominae. Nom. Acc. TV Voc. Puer cibum tradit, domine. Nom. Acc. TV Voc. Pueri cibos tradunt, domini. Nom. Acc. TV Voc. Mater arborem curat, senator. Nom. Acc. TV Voc. Matres arbores curant, senatores. Nom. Acc. TV Voc. Read these –what person is each verb? NARRATOR: Sextus est laetus. MARCUS: Tu es laetus, Sexte. Cur? SEXTUS: Ego sum laetus quod Romam ire volo. NARRATOR: Servi sunt defessi. MARCUS: Vos estis defessi, servi. Cur? SERVI; Defessi sumus quod strenue laboramus. NARRATOR: Cornelius epistulas legit. AURELIA: Quid legis, Corneli? CORNELIUS: Epistulas lego. NARRATOR: Marcus ramum arripit. SEXTUS: Quid arripis, Marce? MARCUS: Ramum arripio. NARRATOR: Cornelia ridet. FLAVIA: Cur rides, Cornelia? CORNELIA: Rideo quod laeta sum. NARRATOR: Senatores ad urbem redeunt. AURELIA: Cur ad urbem reditis, senatores? SENATORES: Redimus quod princeps nos consulere vult. NARRATOR: Pueri lupum non timent. PUELLAE: Cur lupum non timetis, pueri? PUERI: Lupum non timemus quod temerarii sumus. NARRATOR: Puellae clamant, “Ferte auxilium!” PUERI: Cur vos clamatis, “Ferte auxilium!”? PUELLAE: Nos clamamus, “Ferte auxilium!” quod lupum conspicimus.