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LIF101: Anatomy American Academy of Art Week 5 Lecture: Hip and Leg Bones Bones of the hip and leg are: • ___________________ • ___________________ • ___________________ • ___________________ • ___________________ • ___________________ • ___________________ The Pelvis • bony ring at base of spine • made up of sacrum, coccyx, and 2 ilia (singular: ilium) • articulates superiorly with L5 vertebra • articulates inferiorly with both femurs • houses and protects pelvic organs • The sacrum and the ilia come together at _________________________ joints • The two ilia meet anteriorly at the ________________________________________. Parts of the Pelvis • iliac crests (surface landmarks) • anterior superior iliac spines (surface landmarks) • posterior superior iliac spines (surface landmarks; form dimples on lower back.) • pubic tubercles • acetabulum (in which head of femur rests) Inguinal Ligaments • run from _________________________ to _________________________ on anterior pelvis • are conspicuous surface landmarks (sometimes called inguinal furrows.) • define the lower border of the abdomen. • The iliac crests meet the inguinal ligaments at “corners” on anterior hips. The Femur • bone of the thigh • longest bone in the human body • slants medially from hip to knee Parts of the Femur • head (faces medially and rests in acetabulum of ilium) • neck • greater trochanter (surface landmark) • lesser trochanter • medial epicondyle (subtle surface landmark) • lateral epicondyle (subtle surface landmark) The Patella • largest sesamoid bone in the human body • held in place superiorly by the __________________________________ and inferiorly by the __________________________________. • is an obvious surface landmark • sits above the knee joint when the leg is straight. • slides down over the knee joint when leg bends. • is slightly concave on its posterior surface where it rests against the femur. (But there is no direct articulation with the femur.) The Tibia and the Fibula— General Information • The tibia is the wider of the two lower leg bones. • The tibia is more medial • The tibia articulates superiorly with the femur. • The fibula is the narrower of the two lower leg bones. • The fibula is more lateral. • The fibular articulates superiorly with the tibia. • The fibula provides extra support for the lower leg. • both the tibia and the fibular articulate distally with the _________________________. Parts of the Tibia • tibial tuberosity (surface landmark just below the patella) • anterior crest (surface landmark) • medial and lateral surfaces (medial surface is a landmark; lateral surface is covered by muscle.) • medial malleolus (landmark on the medial ankle) • anterior crest + medial surface = shin Parts of the Fibula • head (surface landmark at proximal end) • lateral malleolus (surface landmark at distal end, on ankle) • lateral malleolus of the fibula is always more distal than medial malleolus of tibia. Housing of the Ankle • _________________________ forms roof and medial wall of ankle housing. • _________________________ forms lateral wall of ankle housing. • housing is closed at the sides but open at front and back, so… • ankle has free up and down movement, but limited side-to-side movement. Review of Pelvis and Leg Surface Landmarks • inguinal ligaments • iliac crests • anterior superior iliac spines • posterior superior iliac spines • greater trochanter of femur • patella • tibial tuberosity • anterior crest and medial surface of tibia • medial malleolus of tibia • lateral malleolus of fibula • head of fibula
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