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Night
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Grammar
PHRASES
 Group of words that modify the
sentence that have either a subject
and no verb or a verb and no subject.
Prepositional Phrases
 Phrase beginning with a preposition
Ex.
The cow jumped over the moon.
Participial Phrases
 Verbal phrase used as an adjective
Ex:
The child sitting under the tree was
eating lunch.
Absolute Phrases
 Noun followed by a participle
Ex:
Joan looked nervous, her fears
creeping up on her.
Gerund Phrases
 Verbal phrase used as a noun
Ex.
Eating candy is my favorite part of
Halloween.
Infinitive Phrases
 Verbal phrase used as noun, adjective,
or adverb…uses to + verb
Ex:
Tell the boy to stop making so much
noise.
Appositive Phrases
 Noun phrase that renames another
noun in the sentence.
Ex:
Chelsie, my sister, is very entertaining.
CLAUSES AND SENTENCES
A clause is a word group that contains a verb
and its subject and that is used as a sentence or
as part of a sentence.
Dependent Clause
 Does not express a complete thought
and cannot stand alone as a sentence
 A dependent clause depends on an
independent clause to be a complete
sentence.
Independent Clause
 Expresses a complete thought and can
stand by itself as a sentence
Compound Sentences
 A compound sentence contains two
independent clauses. These clauses may be
combined in two ways:
 Comma + Conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet,
so)
 Semicolon
Compound Sentence
Examples
 Alaina wrote an original poem, and her
mother corrected her spelling.
 Those clouds promise rain; we should
go inside.
 I know you don’t like him, but that
doesn’t matter.
Complex Sentences
 A complex sentence has both a dependent
clause and an independent clause.
 If the sentence begins with a dependent clause,
separate it from the independent clause with a
comma.
 If the sentence begins with an independent clause,
it does not need a comma before the dependent
clause.
Complex Sentence
Examples
 I like Edgar Allen Poe’s stories because they
are suspenseful.
 Although the lead actor had the flu, we
presented the play.
 Because he is a member of the school board,
Mr. Williams spoke in favor of the bond issue.
 He will not read a book unless it has pictures
in it.
Compound-Complex
Sentences
 A compound-complex sentence is
comprised of at least two independent
clauses and one or more dependent
clauses.
Sentence Chart
Independent Dependent
Simple
1
0
Compound
2+
0
Complex
1
1+
CompoundComplex
2+
1+