* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Are the following groups of words sentences?
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
American Sign Language grammar wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Preposition and postposition wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish pronouns wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Are the following groups of words sentences? Birds fly. Toni bought. Our mechanic is. Richard feels. Birds fly can stand by itself as a sentence, but the others begun by a subject and its verb and must be completed with other words. These words are called complements. Definition of a complement: A complement is a word or a group of words that completes the meaning of a subject and a verb. Complements Complements are usually nouns, pronouns, or adjectives. They can be found right after or very close to the verb in the sentence. Can you find the complements within the following sentences? Toni bought cars. The eyewitness told us the story. Our mechanic is a poet. Richard feels sad. Types of Complements Direct Objects Indirect Objects Subject Complements Direct Objects Direct objects are complements that are used after action verbs. Definition: A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a transitive verb. A direct object can be found by asking Whom? Or What? After an action verb. Example: The message reached the lawyer. Question you ask yourself: Reached whom? Answer: Lawyer. Direct Objects like subjects and verbs can be compound. Example: Mother invited Uncle Bill and Aunt Clara. Question you ask yourself: Invited whom? Answer: Unce Bill, Aunt, Clara Assignment: Pg. 417 Exercise 32. (Only write the direct objects; do not copy the sentence.) Distinguishing Between Direct Objects, Adverbs, and Objects of Prepositions Word after the verb Direct Object Adverb Object of Preposition Examples: Joan drove her car. Joan drove quickly. Joan drove through the town. Joan drove her car quickly through the town. Assignment: Pg. 418 Exercise 33. (You must write the complete sentence) Just like in statements, questions word order is inverted. Therefore, the position of a direct object in a sentence may change. In question, sometimes the direct object is near the beginning of the sentence, before the verb. Inverted Word Order for Questions Normal Word Order: You did ask who for help. He does want what from us. He does want which car from the dealership. Questions Whom did you ask for help? What does he want from us? Which car does he want from the dealership? HINT! *In essence, if you are having trouble finding the direct object in a question rephrase the sentence in normal word order, as shown in the previous examples. Assignment: Pg. 419 Exercise 34. (Only write the direct objects; do not copy the sentence.) Indirect Objects If there is a direct object within a sentence, there may also be another type of complement called an indirect object. Definition: An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that comes after an action verb and before a direct object. It names the person or thing to which something is given or for which something is done. An indirect object answer the question To whom or for whom? Or To what or for what? after an action verb. (You must find the direct object first, then ask the question.) For Example: I told them the story. Question you ask: Told to whom? Answer: them. Pattern Subject ----Verb----Indirect Object----Direct Object Like a subject, verb, or direct object, and indirect object can be compound. Example: Dave gave each car and truck a new color. Question to ask yourself: to what? Answer: car, truck. Assignment: Pg. 420 Exercise 35. (Only write the indirect objects; do not copy the sentence.) Do not confuse and indirect object and Objects of Prepositions. Indirect Object NEVER follows to or for in a sentence. Example: Father bought him a car. Objects of Prepositions Example: Father bought a car for him. Assignment: Pg. 421 Exercise 36. (You must write the complete sentence) Subject Complements Linking verbs have a different type of complement than action verbs (direct and indirect objects) which is called a subject complement. Definition: A subject complement is a noun, a pronoun, or adjective that follows a linking verb and tells something about the subject. Three Types of Subject Complements Subject Complements Predicate PronounPredicate NounPredicate AdjectiveFollows a linking verb Follows a linking verb Follows a linking verb and renames or identifies and renames or identifies And describes the subject the subject. the subject. of the sentence. Examples: Example of Predicate NounRonnie will be captain of our team. Example of Predicate PronounThe two winners are they. Example of Predicate AdjectiveThe flight to Houston was swift. A Compound subject complement consists of two or more predicate nouns, pronouns, or adjectives. Example: My two best friends are Phil and Mark. Assignment: Pgs. 423 and 424 Exercises 37, 38, and 39.