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Fundamentals
of Composition
Pronouns
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Pronoun
A pronoun is a word
that can replace a noun.
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10.2a
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Pronoun
A pronoun is a word
that can replace a noun.
Susan is an opera singer.
She is an opera singer.
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10.2b
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Pronoun
A pronoun is a word
that can replace a noun.
Noun
Susan is an opera singer.
Pronoun
She is an opera singer.
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10.2c
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Antecedent
The noun that the pronoun
refers to is called the
antecedent.
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10.2d
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Although Maxine
practiced diligently,
she could not do the
hula very well.
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10.3a
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Antecedent
Although Maxine
practiced diligently,
Pronoun she could not do the
hula very well.
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10.3b
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Examples of Personal
Pronouns as Subjects
Singular
First Person
I
Second Person you
Third Person he, she, it
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10.4
Plural
we
you
they
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Personal Pronouns
She and I are best friends.
It was they at the door.
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10.5b
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Personal Pronouns
She and I are best friends.
It was they at the door.
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10.5b
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Personal Pronouns
She and I are best friends.
It was they at the door.
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10.5b
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Examples of Personal
Pronouns as Objects
Singular
First Person
me
Second Person you
Third Person him, her, it
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10.7
Plural
us
you
them
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The music annoyed him.
Mary gave us the money.
I live near him.
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10.8a
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S
V
DO
The music annoyed him.
S
V
IO
DO
Mary gave us the money.
I live near him.
Obj of Prep
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10.8b
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Possessive Pronouns
Singular
mine
yours
his
hers
its
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Plural
ours
yours
theirs
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10.9
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Possessive Pronouns
The possessive pronoun is
used to show ownership.
Remember that possessive
pronouns do not use
apostrophes to show
possession as do nouns.
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10.10
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Correct:
Truly yours
Incorrect:
Truly your’s
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10.11
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Compound Personal
Pronouns
Singular
First Person
myself
Second Person yourself
Third Person himself
itself
oneself
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10.12
Plural
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
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Compound Personal
Pronouns
A compound personal pronoun is
formed by adding self or selves to
certain personal pronouns.
my + self = myself
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10.13
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Indefinite Pronouns
Pronouns which do not refer
to a definite person, place, or
thing are called indefinite
pronouns.
She is majoring in
engineering.
Someone is majoring in
engineering.
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10.14
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Indefinite Pronouns
Pronouns which do not refer
to a definite person, place, or
thing are called indefinite
pronouns.
Definite
She is majoring in
engineering.
Indefinite Someone is majoring in
engineering.
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10.15
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Singular
Indefinite Pronouns
 another
 anybody
 anymore
 anything
 one
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 somebody
 each
 either
 everyone
 everybody
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10.16
 everything
 neither
 nobody
 no one
 someone
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Singular indefinite pronouns
should be used with singular
verbs.
Everyone
(enjoy enjoys)
the staff
picnic.
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10.17a
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Singular indefinite pronouns
should be used with singular
verbs.
Singular Subject
Everyone
(enjoy enjoys)
the staff Singular
Verb
picnic.
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10.17b
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In referring back to these
pronouns as an antecedent, refer
back with a singular pronoun.
One of the men
forgot
(his their)
report.
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10.18a
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In referring back to these
pronouns as an antecedent, refer
back with a singular pronoun.
Singular Subject
One of the men
forgot
Singular
Pronoun (his their)
report.
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10.18b
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Plural
Indefinite Pronouns
 both
 few
 many
 several
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10.19
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Plural
Indefinite Pronouns
Plural indefinite pronouns
take plural verbs.
Both of the generals (is are)
assigned to the task force.
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10.20a
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Plural
Indefinite Pronouns
Plural indefinite pronouns
take plural verbs.
Plural Subject
Plural Verb
Both of the generals (is are)
assigned to the task force.
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10.20b
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Plural indefinite pronouns are
referred back to, when used as
antecedents, by plural pronouns.
Many of the students
forgot
(their his her) class
schedules.
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10.21a
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Plural indefinite pronouns are
referred back to, when used as
antecedents, by plural pronouns.
Plural Subject
Many of the students
forgot
Plural
(their
his
her)
class
Pronoun
schedules.
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10.21b
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Demonstrative
Pronouns
 this
 that
 them
 those
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10.22
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Demonstrative pronouns are used
to emphasize a particular noun or
identify a particular noun, place, or
thing.
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10.23
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Demonstrative pronouns are used
to emphasize a particular noun or
identify a particular noun, place, or
thing.
That is my
house.
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10.24
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Interrogative
Pronouns
 who
 whose
 whom
 which
 what
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10.25
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Interrogative pronouns are
used to ask questions.
What did
you get for
Father’s
Day?
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10.30a,
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Pronouns Used
with Nouns
A pronoun may be used with
a noun. In this case, the use
of the noun in the sentence
determines the case (subject
or object) of the pronoun.
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10.31a,
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We dancers
need
to keep fit.
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10.32a
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Subj Pro
S
We dancers
need
to keep fit.
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10.32b
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The boss congratulated
us sales representatives
on our fine performance.
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10.33a
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Obj Pro
The boss congratulated
us sales representatives Object
on our fine performance.
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10.33b
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Pronouns Used
in Comparisons
Sometimes a comparison is
made using a clause which begins
with than or as. If the comparison is
left incomplete, you must complete
it in order to decide whether the
pronoun used is in the objective
or subjective case.
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10.34a,
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Jack can read faster
than (I me).
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10.35a
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Jack can read faster
than (I me).
Jack can read faster
than I (can read).
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10.35b
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Kathy saves more of her
allowance than I (save).
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10.36
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The accident cost us
more than (they them).
We would not say:
“The accident cost us
more than (they
cost).”
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10.37a,
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Between you and (I me),
Sally seems upset
today.
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10.38a
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Preposition
Object
Between you and (I me),
Sally seems upset
today.
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10.38b
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Prepositional Phrases
A prepositional phrase
contains a preposition and an
object of the preposition.
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10.40a
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Prepositional Phrases
A prepositional phrase
contains a preposition and an
object of the preposition.
Therefore, the pronoun must be
in the objective case.
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10.40b
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Incorrect Forms
of Pronouns
Words such as theirselves,
hisself and ourselfs are not
correct pronoun forms.
DO NOT use them in
your writing.
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10.41
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Correct Forms of Pronouns
 themselves
 himself
 ourselves
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Correct Forms of Pronouns
Correct:
We bought the boat ourselves.
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10.42a
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Correct Forms of Pronouns
Correct:
We bought the boat ourselves.
Incorrect:
We bought the boat ourselfs.
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10.42b
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Correct Forms of Pronouns
Correct:
Sam prepared the meal by himself.
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10.43a
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Correct Forms of Pronouns
Correct:
Sam prepared the meal by himself.
Incorrect:
Sam prepared the meal by hisself.
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10.43b
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Correct Forms of Pronouns
Correct:
The students planned
the program themselves.
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10.44a
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Correct Forms of Pronouns
Correct:
The students planned
the program themselves.
Incorrect:
The students planned
the program theirselves.
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10.44b