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Mastering NT Greek
17. Contract Verbs
By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003
Baker Academic
Review
2-1-2 Noun Forms

2
1
lo<goj
lo<gou
lo<g&
lo<gon
lo<goi
lo<gwn
lo<goij
lo<gouj
grafh<
grafh?j
graf^?
grafh<n
grafai<
grafw?n
grafai?j
grafa<j
2
i[ero<n
i[erou?
i[er&?
i[ero<n
i[era<
i[erw?n
i[eroi?j
i[era<
rd
3
Declension Chantables
xari<j o@noma, pi<stij
 xa<rij
o@noma
 xa<ritoj
o]no<matoj
 xa<riti
o]no<mati
 xa<rita
o@noma
 xa<ritej
o]no<mata
 xari<twn
o]noma<twn
 xa<risi(n)
o]no<masi(n)
 xa<ritaj
o]no<mata

pi<stij
pi<stewj
pi<stei
pi<stin
pi<steij
pi<stewn
pi<stesi(n)
pi<steij
Present Active Indicative Verbs

lu<w
lu<eij
lu<ei
lu<omen
lu<ete
lu<ousi(n)
Present Middle/Passive Indicative

lu<omai,
-^,
-etai,
-o<meqa,
-esqe,
-ontai
Shape of the Future in Greek

lu<sw
lu<somen
I will loose
We will loose
lu<seij
lu<sete
You will loose
You all will loose
lu<sei
lu<sousi(n)
He/she/it will loose
They will loose
Future Middle Paradigm

lu<somai
--^
--etai
--omeqa
--esqe
--ontai
Imperfect Active Paradigm of lu<w

Singular
Plural
 e@luon

e]lu<omen
I was loosing
We were loosing
e@luej
e]lu<ete
You were loosing
You all were loosing
e@lue(n)
e@luon
He/she/it was loosing
They were loosing
Learn:
e@luon:
n, s, e,
men, te, n
Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<w

Singular
 e]luo<mhn
I was being loosed
e]lu<ou
You were being loosed
e]lu<eto
He/she/it was being
loosed

Plural
e]luo<meqa
We were being loosed
e]lu<esqe
You all were being loosed
e]lu<onto
They were being loosed
e]luo<mhn:
mhn, ou, to, meqa, esqe, onto
Learn:
Second Aorist Active Paradigm
Singular
 1 e@labon
Plural
e]la<bomen


I took
we took
2 e@labej
e]la<bete
You took
You took
3 e@labe(n)
e@labon
S/he/it took
They took
Learn: e@labon
n, s,
e,
men, te, n
Second Aorist Middle

Singular

1 e]geno<mhn
I became
2 e]ge<nou
You became
3 e]ge<neto
He/she/it became
Plural
e]geno<meqa
We became
e]ge<nesqe
You became
e]ge<nonto
They became
Note this, as most "middles" are deponent
 Endings: e]geno<mhn,
ou, eto, meqa, esqe, onto

Aorist Stem Changes -- 9 to know
o[ra<w == ei#don (I saw) – ble<pw
 le<gw
== ei#pon (I said)
 e@rxomai == h#lqon (I came, went)
 gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn (I became)
 ginw<skw == e@gnwn (I knew)
 eu[ri<skw == eu$ron (I found)
 e@xw
== e@sxon ( I had)
 lamba<nw == e@labon (I took)

The "is" verb PAI -- ei]mi<

ei]mi<
ei#
e]sti<(n)
I am
You are
He/she/it is
e]sme<n
e]ste<
ei]si<(n)
We are
You are
They are
The "was" verb IAI -- ei]mi<

h@mhn
h#j
I was
You were
h#men
h#te
We were
You
were
h#n
were
He/she/it was
h#san
They
1st Aorist Active Paradigm
 Singular
 e@lusa
Plural
e]lu<samen
I loosed
we loosed
e@lusaj
e]lu<sate
you loosed
you all loosed
e@luse(n)
e@lusan
He/she/it loosed
they loosed
 Learn:
e@lusa:
--, s, e,
men, te, n
1st Aorist Middle Paradigm
 Singular
Plural
 e]lusa<mhn
e]lusa<meqa

I loosed for myself
We loosed for ourselves
e@lusw
e]lu<sasqe
You loosed for yourself
You all loosed for yourselves
e@lusato
e@lusanto
He/she/it loosed for himself
They loosed for themselves
Learn:
e]lusa<mhn:
w, ato, ameqa, asqe, anto
First Aorist Passives

Singular

1 e]lu<qhn
I was loosed
2 e]lu<qhj
you were loosed
3 e]lu<qh
He/she/it was loosed


Plural
e]lu<qhmen
we were loosed
e]lu<qhte
you all were loosed
e]lu<qhsan
they were loosed
Chant: e]lu<qhn
n, s, --, men, te, san
Future Passive Indicatives

Singular

1 luqh<somai
I will be loosed
2 luqh<s^
You will be loosed
3 luqh<setai
He/she/it will be loosed

Plural
luqhso<meqa
we will be loosed
luqh<sesqe
you all will be loosed
luqh<sontai
they will be loosed
Chant: luqh<somai
^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ontai
Second Aorist Passive Stems
lamba<nw e]lh<mfqhn
 le<gw
e]rre<qhn
 o[ra<w
w@fqhn
o]fqh<somai
 ba<llw
e]blh<qhn
blhqh<somai

Person Personal Pronoun
Chant
Singular
Plural
 Nom. e]gw<
su <
h[mei?j
 Gen. mou
sou
h[mw?n
Dat. moi
soi
h[mi?n
Acc. me
se
h[ma<j
 au]to<j, au]th, au]to< (he, she, it)

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

Pa<ter
h[mw?n o[
father
e]n toi?j ou]ranoi?j:
our the one in
heaven
a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou
make holy
name
your
e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou:
let come
kingdom
your
genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou,
let be
will
your
Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> gh?j:
as
in
heaven
to>n a@rton
the
also
on
earth
h[mw?n to>n
bread
our
e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n sh<meron:
daily
give
us
today
Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh<mata
h[mw?n:
and
forgive
us
trespasses
w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen
as
also
toi?j
the ones
we
have forgiven
o]feile<taij h[mw?n
trespassing
us
our
Introduction to Contract Verbs
What is a contract verb?
 Verb stems ending in: a, e, o
 An example is: a]gapa<w

2 Scenarios: The big picture

Present and Imperfect:
– Vowel of the stem ending and connecting
vowel contract
– a]gap + a< + o + men = a]gapw?men

Aorist and Future (the suffix s)
– The stem vowel lengthens
– a]gap + a< + s + omen = a]gaph<somen
Contraction Rules (FOLDS)
1) First dissimilar overcomes. a, e, or h which
ever one comes first its long vowel is used
– a + e = a + h = long a
–e+h=h
– a]gapa? + ete = a]gapa?te
 2) O overcomes.
– o + a = w; e + w = w
– a]gapa< + w = a]gapw?
– Except: e + o = ou; o + e = ou

Contraction Rules (FOLDS)
3) Likes go long.
– a + a = a; e + h = h; o + w = w
– Except: e + e = ei; (poie + ete = poiei?te)
–
o + o = ou;
 4). Dissimilar diphthong contracts.

– o + ei = oi; e + oi = oi; o + ^ = oi
Contraction Rules (FOLDS)

5) Same vowel diphthong drops.
– o + ou = ou; e + ei = ei;
– poie + eij = poiei?j
5 Contraction Rules: FOLDS





1) F irst dissimilar overcomes. goes long a, e, h
–e+h=h
2) O overcomes. o + e e + o = ou
3) L ikes go long. e + e = ei; o + o = ou
4) D issimilar diphthong contracts o + ei = oi
5) S ame vowel diphthong drops
– o + ou = ou
Paradigms for a, e, and o types
a type = a]gapa<w (I love)

Present Active Indicative a]gapa<w
1 a]gapw? (aw)
a]gapw?men
(aomen)
2 a]gap%?j (aeij)
a]gapa?te (aete)
3 a]gap%? (aei)
a]gapw?si (aousi)

Paradigms for a, e, and o types
e type = poie<w (I do/make)

Present Active Indicative poie<w
 1 poiw? (ew)
poiou?men (eomen)
2 poiei?j (eeij)
poiei?te (eete)
3 poiei? (eei)
poiou?si (eousi)

Paradigms for a, e, and o types
o type = plhro<w (I fill)

Present Active Indicative plhro<w
 1 plhrw?? (ow)
plhrou?men
(oomen)
2 plhroi?j (oeij)
plhrou?te (oete)
3 plhroi? (oei)
plhrou?si (oousi)

Lemoners revisited
krinw in the future
 Actually it goes like this:

– krinw + s (replaced by e and then contracted)
– krinw + e +w/eij/ei krinw?
Principle Parts
a]gapa<w, a]gaph<sw, h]ga<phsa,
h]ga<phka, h]ga<phmai, h]gaph<qhn
 poie<w,
poih<sw,
e]poi<hsa,
pepoi<hka, pepoi<hmai, ___
 plhro<w,
plhrw<sw, e]plh<rwsa,
peplh<rwka, peplh<rwmai, e]plhrw<qhn

Chapter 17 Vocabulary


ei]
if, that
Chapter 17 Vocabulary
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
e]sqi<w
I eat
Chapter 17 Vocabulary
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
za<w
I live
Chapter 17 Vocabulary


zhte<w
I seek
Chapter 17 Vocabulary


h@
or, either
Chapter 17 Vocabulary


kale<w
I call
Chapter 17 Vocabulary
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
lale<w
I speak, say
Chapter 17 Vocabulary


parakale<w
I urge, exhort
Chapter 17 Vocabulary


plhro<w
I fill,
complete
Chapter 17 Vocabulary
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
poie<w
I do, make