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How it works: Taking advantage of the earth as a
thermal mass and provides extra protection from
natural elements. Have low maintenance
requirements and has passive solar building design.
Advantages: The need for extra heating and
cooling is minimal. The earth walls protect from
cold winter winds. Air infiltration within the earth
shelter can be highly profitable
Disadvantages: Water seepage, bad acoustics,
and not the best air quality
Cost: $10 per square foot
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How it works: Organic waste breaks up after sitting
and turns into a humus-like substance by microorganisms. Makes rich compost in fewer yard trash
and garbage bags.
Advantages: Practically free, very environmentally
friendly
Disadvantages: It is dirty, can smell bad, the pile
can be big, and can be inconvenient
Cost: Composting bin can range from $30- several
hundred dollars
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How it works: Led light bulbs do not have a
filament, therefore do not burn out like other light
bulbs. They are illuminated by the movement of
electrons.
Advantages: Very long lifespan, save money due
to long lifespan, and they are good for the
environment because they are free from mercury
Disadvantages: Sometimes they are extremely
bright and they can damage our eyes and the
bulbs are costly
Cost: $9-$80
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How it works: Cost-effective way to generate hot
water for your home. Uses electric pumps, valves
and controllers to circulate water to
Advantages: Saves energy and saves money over
time
Disadvantages: Very expensive in the beginning
Cost: Around $7,000 for installation of heater and
panels
How it works: Gray Water is untreated household
wastewater generated from hand washing,
laundry, and bathing. The wastewater can be
diverted from the sewer to irrigate outdoor plants
and landscape. Gray water systems directly reuse
‘wastewater” to irrigate plants.
 Advantages: Reduces your fresh water use and
saves the amount of water we use in general
 Disadvantages: Potential for pollution and
environmental effects if it is not used correctly
 Cost: $400-$900 without installation
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How it works: Sunlight falls on a semiconductor
causing it to release electrons. The electrons flow
through a circuit that is completed when another
semiconductor in the solar cell absorbs electrons
and passes them on to the first semiconductor
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Advantages: Does not have moving parts and it
runs on nonpolluting power from the sun
Disadvantages: Photovoltaic cells produce very
small electrical currents so it requires lots of solar
panels.
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