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What is GIS?
ESRI Canada
May 23, 2017
www.esricanada.com
Geography Matters!
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Environmental
Park Management
Agriculture
Public Utilities
Health Care
Emergency 911
Real Estate
Marketing
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Environmental
• What are the effects of Global Warming?
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Park Management
• Will the new building spoil the park scenery?
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Agriculture
• How can I
improve food
production?
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Public Utilities
• Is it safe to dig here?
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Health Care
• What communities are at risk from disease?
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Emergency 911
• What is the fastest route to the hospital?
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Real Estate
• Where is my dream home?
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Marketing
• How can I optimize my marketing
campaign?
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Geography and
Technology
• Geography affects us in many ways
• Our natural environment
• Our human environment
• Geography is a Hi-Tech discipline
• Earth Observation
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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Earth Observation
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SPOT
Landsat (TM)
RadarSAT
NOAA
ERS
SPOT
LANDSAT
RADARSAT
ERS
NOAA
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Earth Observation
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Global Positioning
Systems
• GPS is a revolutionary
navigation System
• 24 satellites orbiting the
earth
• Provide location within
metres anywhere on the
globe.
• Now available in many
cars as an option
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GIS Technology
• GIS borrows from
other software
technology:
• Relational Database
Management
Systems
GIS
Relational
Database
CAD
Graphics
• Computer Assisted
Design and
Graphics Software
• Statistical Analysis
and Reporting
Packages
Statistical
Analysis
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What is GIS?
A Geographic Information System
is a tool for…
Managing…
Analyzing…
Presenting…
Information about people, places
and things.
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Modeling Our World
We can describe any element of our
world in two ways:
Attribute Information:
Location
Information:
Where is it?
46°N, 84°W
What is it?
Species: Oak
Height: 15m
Age: 75 Yrs
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GIS Links Data
GIS software links
the location data
and the attribute
data:
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A GIS Represents the
World . . .
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Ownership
Streets
Zoning
Utilities
Districts
Environmental
Incidents
. . . as themes
of information
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GIS - Layers
• GIS contains many layers of information:
• Base Map Data
• Elevation
• Surface Geology
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GIS Data Types
GIS uses wide variety of data types:
Raster
(Surface)
Vector (Point,
Line Polygon)
CAD
Raster
(Images)
3D
Tabular
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Editing
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GIS use DBMS
Personal DBMS
GIS
Network
Workgroups
Enterprises
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GIS Database
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What is GIS?
A Geographic Information System
is a tool for…
Managing…
Analyzing…
Presenting…
Information about people, places
and things.
www.esricanada.com
GIS – Data Query
GIS can answer
simple questions
about our world…
Spatial Questions:
What provinces border
Saskatchewan?
Attribute
Questions:
What provinces have more
than 1.5 million people?
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GIS - Analysis
Or, GIS analysis
can be more
complex…
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Spatial Analysis
• Raster spatial analysis, modeling
and visualization
• Cell modeling
• Multi-variable models (risk,
habitat)
• Raster analysis
• Raster calculator
• Map algebra
Compare and
model many
surfaces
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Spatial Analysis
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3D Analysis
• Terrain modeling, analysis and
visualization
• Create surface models
• Real world - Terrain
• Data – population, characteristics
• Surface analysis
• Cut and fill volume
• Synthetic world viewer
• View shed analysis
• Fly-through
Visualize
surfaces
and terrain
in 3D
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3D Analysis
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Network Analysis
• Shortest path computation and route
optimization
• Driving directions
• Flow / load modeling
• Network trace analysis
Analysis along
paths and
networks
• Upstream / downstream
• Common ancestors
• Natural and human networks
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Network Analysis
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Geostatistics
• Advanced mathematical surface
modeling
• Exploratory spatial data analysis
(ESDA)
• Statistical diagnostics
• Model error and uncertainty
• Surface prediction and analysis
Create surfaces for analysis,
modeling and visualization
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Geostatistics
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What is GIS?
A Geographic Information System
is a tool for…
Managing…
Analyzing…
Presenting…
Information about people, places
and things.
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Cartography
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Reporting
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Outside the Organization
• Access
• Participation
• Involvement
Shared Virtual GIS
Stakeholders
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GIS on the Web
Geography Matters!
To all of us!