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CHAPTER SIX
The First Global Civilization:
The Rise and Spread of Islam
World Civilizations, The Global Experience
AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board,
which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World
II. The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam
III. The Arab Empire of the Umayyads
IV. From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World
Bedouins – desert nomads
Camel herding
Agriculture
A. Clan Identity, Clan Rivalries, and the Cycle of Vengeance
Clans
Grouped into tribes
Shayks – leaders, “elected”
Free warriors
Rivalry
B. Towns and Long-Distance Trade
Entrepots – trading posts with no tax
Mecca
Founded by Umayyad clan, Quraysh tribe
Ka’ba – gathering place during inter-clan peace
Medina
Arabia and Surrounding Area Before and During the Time of Muhammad
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World
B. Marriage and Family in Pre-Islamic Arabia
Women have important roles
- lineage traced through women
- grooms paid bride-price
- did not wear veils or secluded
- multiple marriage partners
- more restricted in urban centers
Arabia and Surrounding Area
Before and During the Time of Muhammad
C. Poet and Neglected Gods
- Culture not highly developed
- main focus – orally transmitted poetry
Animism, polytheism
- Including Allah
- not taken seriously
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
II. The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam
Banu Hasim clan
Orphaned, raised by uncle
Mecca
Khadijah, wife
Revelations, 610
via Gabriel
A. Persecution, Flight, and Victory
Ka’ba gods threatened
Invited to Medina, 622
Hijra
Return to Mecca, 629
B. Arabs and Islam
Umma – community of the faithful
C. Universal Elements in Islam
5 Pillars
Acceptance of Islam
Prayer
Fasting during Ramadan
Payment of zakat
Hajj
The Expansion of the Islamic Empire During the 7th and 8th Centuries
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
1. The Shahada
 The testimony.

The declaration of faith:
There is no god worthy of
worship except God, and
Muhammad is His
Messenger [or Prophet].
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
2. The Salat
 The mandatory prayers
performed 5 times a day:
* dawn
* noon
* late afternoon
* sunset
* before going to bed

Wash before praying.

Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
2. The Salat
 The call to prayer by the
muezzin in the minaret.

Pray in the mosque on Friday.
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3. The Zakat
Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
 Almsgiving (charitable
donations).

Muslims believe that all things
belong to God.

Zakat means both “purification”
and “growth.”

About 2.5% of your income.
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4. The Sawm
Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
 Fasting during the holy month
of Ramadan.


Considered a method of selfpurification.
No eating or drinking from
sunrise to sunset during
Ramadan.
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
5. The Hajj
 The pilgrimage to Mecca.

Must be done at least once in a
Muslim’s lifetime.

2-3 million Muslims make the
pilgrimage
every
year.
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
5. The Hajj
 Those who complete the
pilgrimage can add the title
hajji to their name.
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
The Dar al-Islam
The World
of Islam
1
2
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4
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
The Mosque
 The Muslim place of worship.
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock
where Muhammad ascended into heaven.
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
Other Islamic Religious Practices
 Up to four wives allowed at once.

No alcohol or pork.

No gambling.

Sharia  body of Islamic law to
regulate daily living.

Three holiest cities in Islam:
* Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
Essential Question:
Why was Islam
able to spread so
quickly and convert
so many to the
new religion?
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
The Spread of Islam

Easy to learn and practice.

No priesthood.

Teaches equality.

Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of
the Book,” were allowed religious
freedom, but paid additional taxes.

Easily “portable”  nomads & trade
routes.

Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans
and other non-believers (“infidels”).
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
III. The Arab Empire of the Umayyads
Death of Muhammad, 632
Succession struggle – who should take over?
A. Consolidation and Division in the Islamic Community
Abu Bakr – one of Muhammad’s closest friends/followers, 1st caliph after
Ridda Wars – helped bring Arabian tribes back to Islam
B. Motives for Arab Conquest
Conversions (although not really)
Booty – rich lands, tributes, taxes owed
jihads: not about conversion of faith, about $$$$$
C. Weaknesses of the Adversary Empires
Sassanian Empire (Persian)
Zoroastrianism
Dynasty ended, 651
Byzantium – slow downfall, but eventual especially with
the development of Muslim naval supremacy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
III. The Arab Empire of the Umayyads
D. The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split
Uthman (1st Caliph that was Umayyad)
3rd caliph
Murdered
Ali
Rejected by Umayyads
Siffin, 657 (convinced to mediate – BAD IDEA)
Loses support
Assassinated, 661
Son, Hasan, renounces caliphate
Son, Husayn
Killed, Karbala, 680
Sunni – Umayyads (appointed)
Shi’a – Ali’s descendants (bloodline)
Mu’awiya
Challenged Ali directly for caliphate and claimed as own
Caliph, 660
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
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Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
III. The Arab Empire of the Umayyads
E. The Umayyad Imperium
Push west
Stopped at Poitiers France by the Franks, 732
Retain Iberia (Spanish Peninsula)
Built up bureaucracy in Damascus (new political center and capitol)
Muslim warrior elite kept separate from local population
F. Converts and “People of the Book”
Malawi, converts to Muslim faith
Dhimmi, people of the book
Jews, Christians
Later, Zoroastrians and Hindus
jizya – head tax paid by “non-believers”
G. Family and Gender Roles in the Umayyad Age
Islamic ideas prevail at first
H. Umayyad Decline and Fall
Revolts – increasing size of harem, growing addiction to luxury, abandonment of frugal, simple lifestyle
Merv
Abassid revolt
750, Umayyads defeated by Abassids
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
IV. From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era
Sunni rule
repress Shi’a
Baghdad - New capital
A. Islamic Conversion and Mawali Acceptance
B. Town and Country: Commercial Boom and Agrarian
Expansion
Urban expansion
Ayan
C. The First Flowering of Islamic Learning
Building
Mosques, palaces
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007