Download The Early Ottoman Empire

Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
GUNPOWDER EMPIRES
• Land Empires
• Large, defensive, expensive
• Agriculture (not mercantilism or industry)
• Hard to control (rebellion)
• Centralized power – slow administration
• Islam, tax farming (unfair), forced labor
Osman I (Othman): 1299-1326
The Golden Age of the
Ottomans
Mehmet II 1451-1481
(“The Conqueror”)
The Ottoman Capital -Constantinople
Fall of Constantinople: 1453
The End of the Byzantine
Empire
Ottoman Empire
• 11453 – Constantinople becomes Istanbul
• Middle East, Egypt, Syria, Algeria, Tunis,
Vienna
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia - interior
Suleiman the Magnificent:
(1520-1566)
Suleiman’s Signature
SuleSuleyman
• - defeated the Safavids, made laws
• Greatest extent of power – forced tribute
• DEVSHIRME SYSTEM
- Christian boys as elite soldiers
(Janissaries)…brought Christians into fold
HEIGHT OF POWER
• Istanbul: Cosmopolitan city
• Osmanli-speaking
• Military service gets benefits (tax-exempt
and land grants)
• Islamic
• Common people are RAYA (flock)
Blue Mosque
Blue Mosque - interior
Prayer Rug,
16c Ottoman Empire
Qur’an Page: The Angel Gabriel
Visits Muhammad
Collection of Taxes in Suleiman’s
Court
Conversations Between Muslims
& Christians
Scholars at the Galata Observatory
(Suleiman’s Constantinople), 1557
Janissaries
The Ottoman Empire During the 16c
OTTOMAN DECLINE
• Military costs increase
• Inflation goes up and people not paid enough
• REBELLION
• Janissaries demand changes (marriage,
hiring mercenaries) – military readiness goes
down
• By 1750….in economic, military decline –
EUROPE CONTROLS THEM!