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Islam Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ Islam comes from “salam” = peace Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ Islam comes from “salam” = peace ❏ secondary meaning = surrender Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ Islam comes from “salam” = peace ❏ secondary meaning = surrender ❏ “The peace that comes from surrendering one’s life to God.” Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ Islam comes from “salam” = peace ❏ secondary meaning = surrender ❏ Like Judaism and Christianity, Islam is monotheistic. ❏ Adherents of Islam are called muslims. ❏ Allah - “the God” (as opposed to “a God”) Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ God created the world. ❏God created humans (Adam and Eve) ❏Noah and his son Shem ❏Shem led to Abraham, who married Sarah ❏Abraham also married Hagar, who bore him Ishmael ❏Sarah then bore Isaac. ❏Ishmael went to Mecca / the sons of Ishmael became Muslims ❏The sons of Isaac, who remained in Palestine, became Hebrews. Islam - history / essential tenets ❏Muhammad - b. 570 CE d. 632 CE ❏Seal of the Prophets - no legitimate prophets will succeed him ❏Married Khadija, a wealthy widow ❏Meditated in a cave a month out of the year ❏An angel came to him in his cave and said, “Proclaim” ❏He was 40 before his ministry began. ❏Claimed his only miracle was the Koran itself ❏First 3 yrs=40 converts. First 10 yrs = several hundred families. ❏Was offered leadership of city of Yathrib, north of Mecca. ❏Yathrib became Medina, the city of the Prophet. Islam - history / essential tenets ❏The Koran - qur’an means recitation ❏An earthly facsimile of an Uncreated Koran ❏created through trancelike states over 23 years ❏God preserved accuracy ❏Continues God’s revelations to the Jews and to the Christians ❏The culmination of those revelations. ❏ Sees Christians as having compromised their religion by deifying Christ. Islam accept the virgin birth of Jesus and his prophet status. Islam - history / essential tenets ❏God as fearful but compassionate ❏compassion and mercy cited 192 times ❏wrath and vengence cited 17 ❏ Allah deliberately created the world. Shares a similar worldview to Judaism in the sense that the world is overwhelmingly good. ❏ infidel - word often used related to Islam. The proper sense of it is one who lacks thankfulness. Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ Five Pillars ❏ The shahadah - There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet. ❏ Daily prayers five times a day. ❏ Charity ❏ Fasting / Ramadan ❏ Hajj / Pilgrimage Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ The shahadah - There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet. ❏ At least once a Muslim must slowly say this and mean it wholeheartedly. ❏Shirk – associating anything but God with divinity (no idol worship) ❏Kufr – ungratefulness to god (revelations as reminders) Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ Daily prayers five times a day. ❏Arising ❏when sun is overhead ❏in mid-afternoon ❏at sunset ❏before retiring for the night ❏ No social distinctions / Women separate to avoid sexual distractions ❏ The story is that Allah suggested 50, but Moses helped Muhammad talk Him down to 5. Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ Charity ❏ Those with wealth should share with the poor. ❏ Specific - 2.5% of wealth to needy Muslims. ❏Persons in need ❏Slaves buying freedom ❏debtors unable to meet obligations ❏strangers and wayfarers Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ Ramadan (holy month of Islamic calendar) ❏ Observance of Ramadan is necessary. ❏ Ramadan matches lunar calendar (354 days), so it moves through year ❏ Commemorates the first revelations of the Koran ❏ Fasting from dawn to sunset ❏ all able-bodied Muslims ❏ neither food nor drink nor smoke passes lips (no sex either) ❏ fosters discipline, compassion Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ Hajj / Pilgrimage ❏ one in life must travel to Mecca if financially and physically able. ❏ heighten commitment to God ❏ promotes international understanding ❏ 500,000 pilgrims. Walk around 7 times and touch the Ka’ba itself. Kaaba ❏ Ka’bah / Ka’ba – house built on spot of Adam’s house by Abraham / houses black stone –meteorite Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ If the Five Pillars are what to do, there are also things forbidden. ❏gambling ❏lying ❏thieving ❏eating pork ❏drinking intoxicants ❏being sexually promiscuous Islam - history / essential tenets ❏ Social teaching ❏Economics ❏Status of women ❏Race relations ❏Use of force